Background The perception of surgery as expensive and complex might be a barrier to its widespread acceptance in global health efforts. We did a systematic review and analysis of cost-effectiveness studies that assess surgical interventions in low-income and middle-income countries to help quantify the potential value of surgery. Methods We searched Medline for all relevant articles published betw

This paper presents an existence and stability theory for gravity-capillary solitary waves on the surface of a body of water of infinite depth. Exploiting a classical variational principle, we prove the existence of a minimiser of the wave energy epsilon subject to the constraint I = root 2 mu, where I is the wave momentum and 0 < mu

Density functional theory calculations and high-resolution core-level spectroscopy are used to explore the remarkable observation of decreased Ag 3d binding energy upon silver oxidation. The shift in Ag 3d binding energy is investigated at different degrees of oxidation and compared to results for Pd 3d, which exhibits a normal shift. Analysis of initial-state effects and valence electronic struct

The complete surgical removal of disease is a desirable outcome particularly in oncology. Unfortunately much disease is microscopic and difficult to detect causing a liability to recurrence and worsened overall prognosis with attendant costs in terms of morbidity and mortality. It is hoped that by advances in optical diagnostic technology we could better define our surgical margin and so increase

Formyl (HCO) has since long been recognized as a common intermediate species and a potential local indicator of the major heat release in hydrocarbon combustion. Consequently, the detection of HCO is desirable especially in turbulent flames of practical relevance. However, due to the low concentration and low fluorescence quantum yield, single-shot based detection of HCO with planar laser-induced

Objectives: To investigate patients' mobility and satisfaction with their lower-limb prosthetic or orthotic device and related service delivery in Sierra Leone; to compare groups of patients regarding type and level of assistive device, gender, area of residence, income; and to identify factors associated with satisfaction with the assistive device and service. Methods: A total of 139 patients ans

Abstract in Undetermined A number of reforms have been implemented in Swedish health care to support integrated care for frail older people and to reduce utilization of hospital care by this group. Outcomes and process indicators have been used in pay-for-performance (P4P) schemes by both national and local governments to support developments.

We evaluate the impact of cooperation with public research on firms' product and process innovations in France and Germany using Community Innovation Survey data from 2004 and 2008. We find that cooperating with public research increases product innovation, but has no effect on process innovation, which depends more on firms' openness. Our benchmark estimates, which are very similar in 2004 and 20

The geometric distribution leads to a Lévy process parameterized by the probability of success. The resulting negative binomial process (NBP) is a purely jump and non-decreasing process with general negative binomial marginal distributions. We review various stochastic mechanisms leading to this process, and study its distributional structure. These results enable us to establish strong convergenc

This article investigates the nominal vocabulary labeling features of the landscape in Makalero, a Papuan language of East Timor. Makalero landscape terms are shown to behave grammatically like place names rather than like common nouns, thus reflecting the ontological distinction between places and objects as discussed in linguistic semantics. It is argued that cultural parameters underlie the mor

This article develops two arguments. First, at a national level in Bulgaria, the human trafficking framework is inoperable for identifying abuses worthy of consideration. By comparing the Bulgarian criminal law definition of human trafficking with the international law definition, I argue that the national criminal law definition is overly inclusive. This state of the Bulgarian criminal law makes

As the earth is getting warmer, many animals and plants have shifted their timing of breeding towards earlier dates. However, there is substantial variation between populations in phenological shifts that typically goes unexplained. Identification of the different location and species characteristics that drive such variable responses to global warming is crucial if we are to make predictions for

Sub-monolayers of gold have been grown at room temperature on the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanomesh formed on Rh(111), and studied systematically with core level and angle-resolved valence band photoelectron spectroscopy. The results are compared with those for the Au/Rh(111) and Au/h-BN/Pt(111) interfaces. It has been found that on clean Rh(111) substrate gold starts to grow two-dimensional

High flux extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources like the free electron laser (FEL) in Hamburg (FLASH) offer the possibility of diffractive imaging of small objects. Irrespective of whether the diffraction is based on the detection of photons or photoelectrons, it is required that the measurement is done in the reference frame of the molecule meaning that, for a sample of several molecules, it is neces

Popular Abstract in Swedish De senaste årens forskning har visat hur betydelsefullt vårt medfödda immunförsvar, ”Innate immunity”, är för kroppens möjligheter att bekämpa infektioner. Paradoxalt nog är det när detta mycket potenta immunförsvar överreagerar som allvarliga komplikationer till infektioner inträffar, som exempelvis vid sepsis och hjärnhinneinflammation (meningit). Heparin-bindande prInfectious diseases remain a major health problem, where sepsis and other severe bacterial infections are common causes of morbidity and mortality, and are associated with high costs for the community. The importance of early and appropriate treatment of sepsis and severe bacterial infections has been underlined by many and since sepsis is more prevalent and has a higher mortality rate than for in