Search results
Filter
Filetype
Your search for "*" yielded 539253 hits
Do the varying drying rates influence rhinovirus infectivity?
Objective: Human rhinovirus is the most common cause of the common cold worldwide (1). It has been shown that a substantial part of the airborne viruses is found in aerosol particles in the range of 1-4 µm (2). Studying the infectivity of aerosol particles in this range is, however, challenging; therefore, not many studies have been conducted on their infectivity. The aim of this work is to invest
Exhaled particles and viruses from humans
Risk-based ventilation of patient rooms in hospitals, and its costs : is the ventilation worth the price?
Comparison of airborne SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and pre-Delta variants around infected patients
Airborne SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings : when, where and how to prevent it?
Perceptual, Semantic, and Pragmatic Factors Affect the Derivation of Contrastive Inferences
People derive contrastive inferences when interpreting adjectives (e.g., inferring that 'the short pencil' is being contrasted with a longer one). However, classic eye-tracking studies revealed contrastive inferences with scalar and material adjectives, but not with color adjectives. This was explained as a difference in listeners' informativity expectations, since color adjectives are often used
Anticipating the Damn Referent : How Comprehenders Rapidly Retrieve the Speaker's Attitude When Processing Negative Expressive Adjectives
Theoretical accounts of negative expressives such as damn have ascribed two main properties to this type of adjective, namely that they are typically speaker-oriented, and that they can be flexible with regard to their syntactic attachment. However, it is not clear what this means during online sentence processing. For example, is it effortful for comprehenders to derive the speaker's negative att
Slowdowns in scalar implicature processing : Isolating the intention-reading costs in the Bott & Noveck task
An underinformative sentence, such as Some cats are mammals, is trivially true with a semantic (some and perhaps all) reading of the quantifier and false with a pragmatic (some but not all) one, with the latter reliably resulting in longer response times than the former in a truth evaluation task (Bott & Noveck, 2004). Most analyses attribute these prolonged reaction times, or costs, to the st
Suppression of literal meaning in single and extended metaphors
Within Relevance Theory, it has been suggested that extended metaphors might be processed differently relative to single metaphoric uses. While single metaphors are hypothesized to be understood via the creation of an ad hoc concept, extended metaphors have been claimed to require a switch to a secondary processing mode, which gives greater prominence to the literal meaning. Initial experimental e
When irony is faster than its literal control : The role of mindreading during irony comprehension
Irony is a heavily context-dependent pragmatic phenomenon. But what is it about context that facilitates or blocks irony comprehension? Based on the echoic account, we suggest that a context facilitates irony comprehension when it makes manifest a speaker's intentions and attitude, i.e., when a context makes it easy for participants to engage their mindreading abilities. In two pre-registered self
The Role of Literal Features During Processing of Novel Verbal Metaphors
When a word is used metaphorically (for example "walrus" in the sentence "The president is a walrus"), some features of that word's meaning ("very fat," "slow-moving") are carried across to the metaphoric interpretation while other features ("has large tusks," "lives near the north pole") are not. What happens to these features that relate only to the literal meaning during processing of novel met
What second-language speakers can tell us about pragmatic processing
Upon hearing the phrase Some cats meow, a listener might pragmatically infer that 'Some but not all cats meow'. This is known as a scalar implicature and it often arises when a speaker produces a weak linguistic expression instead of a stronger one. Several L2 studies claim that pragmatic inferences are generated by default and their comprehension presents no challenges to L2 learners. However, th
Register and morphosyntactic congruence during sentence processing in German : An eye-tracking study
In the present study, we used eye-tracking to investigate formality-register and morphosyntactic congruence during sentence reading. While research frequently covers participants' processing of lexical, (morpho-)syntactic, or semantic knowledge (e.g., operationalized by means of violations to which we can measure responses relative to felicitous stimuli), less attention has been devoted to the ful
Situating language register across the ages, languages, modalities, and cultural aspects : Evidence from complementary methods
In the present review paper by members of the collaborative research center "Register: Language Users' Knowledge of Situational-Functional Variation" (CRC 1412), we assess the pervasiveness of register phenomena across different time periods, languages, modalities, and cultures. We define "register" as recurring variation in language use depending on the function of language and on the social situ
Auroramålet och vikten av att ta processuella rättigheter på allvar
Regeringsformen (RF), Europakonventionen2(EKMR) och unionsrätten upprätthåller på olika sätt grundläggande rättigheter i form av tillgång till domstolsprövning, rättvis rättegång och effektiva rättsmedel. En på senare tid omdebatterad fråga är hur nämnda regelverk förhåller sig till utrymmet för att inför svensk domstol föra en fastställelsetalan jämlikt 13 kap. 2 § rättegångsbalken (RB). En särsk
Warming of northern peatlands increases the global temperature overshoot challenge
Meeting the Paris Agreement’s temperature goals requires limiting future carbon emissions, yet current policies make temporarily overshooting the 1.5°C target likely. The potential climate feedback from destabilizing peatlands, storing large amounts of carbon, remains poorly quantified. Using the reduced-complexity Earth System Model OSCAR with an integrated peat carbon module, we found that acros
Flanking age : Multilingualism and its role in shaping cognitive decline and neural dynamics
This study investigates how individual multilingual engagement modulates brain oscillatory activity and cognitive control across the lifespan, using both resting-state and task-based EEG with a Flanker task. We assessed whether degree of multilingual engagement moderates age-related changes in theta and alpha power and examined how these changes impact task-specific neural dynamics and behavioral
Powerfully Soft & Cuddly
China's new soft power is being embraced by the world
Social aspects of childlessness experiences in midlife and late adulthood: a scoping review
Despite its increasing prevalence worldwide, ageing without children remains insufficiently studied. This article presents a scoping review of existing qualitative research examining the social aspects of childlessness in midlife and later adulthood. A total of 3,444 papers were retrieved from nine electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL Complete, APA PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Academic Sear