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Novelty is a core value in science, and a reliable measurement of novelty is crucial. This study proposes a new approach of measuring the novelty of scientific articles based on both citation data and text data. The proposed approach considers an article to be novel if it cites a combination of semantically distant references. To this end, we first assign a word embedding–a vector representation o
Citation counts have long been considered as the primary bibliographic indicator for evaluating the quality of research—a practice premised on the assumption that citation count is reflective of the impact of a scientific publication. However, identifying several limitations in the use of citation counts alone, scholars have advanced the need for multifaceted quality evaluation methods. In this st
Ecological fiscal transfers (EFT) transfer public revenue between governments within a country based on ecological indicators. EFT can compensate subnational governments for the costs of conserving ecosystems and in principle can incentivize greater ecological conservation. We review established EFT in Brazil, Portugal, France, China and India, and emerging or proposed EFT in ten more countries. W
While an extensive part of the conflict transformation literature stresses the importance of transforming the identities of conflict parties through recognition, it fails to recognise the propensity of such transformations to generate ontological insecurity and dissonance, and consequently a possible backlash towards antagonistic identities. Drawing on agonistic thought, we develop a conception of
Pre-transitional justice activities that expose past injustices during entrenched conflicts can incite strong reactions among actors who feel threatened by or dislike such activities, and who thus attempt to silence controversial truths. This article illuminates how attempts to silence controversial truths, in parallel with shutting down debate, can also have the unintended outcome of enlarging pu
A report on a four-axis ultra-high-stability manipulator developed for use at the Veritas and Species RIXS beamlines at MAX IV Laboratory, Lund, Sweden, is presented. The manipulator consists of a compact, light-weight X-Y table with a stiffened Z tower carrying a platform with a rotary seal to which a manipulator rod holding the sample can be attached. Its design parameters have been optimized to
Life is about timing.-Carl LewisThe understanding of autoimmune type 1 diabetes is increasing, and examining etiology separate from pathogenesis has become crucial. The components to explain type 1 diabetes development have been known for some time. The strong association with HLA has been researched for nearly 50 years. Genome-wide association studies added another 60+ non-HLA genetic factors wit
Birth is a dangerous and dynamic event resulting in new life, as well as in death and loss. As distinct as the birth transition may seem, it remains essentially a process. The term ‘perinatal’ defines the phase beginning in late pregnancy when the fetus has potential to survive the delivery, and ending, roughly, seven days after birth, demarcating the period when the child gradually emerges and st
Ultrasound optical tomography (UOT) is a developing medical imaging technique with the potential to noninvasively image tissue oxygenation at depths of several centimeters in human tissue. To accurately model the UOT imaging, it is necessary the calculate the signal produced by the interaction between ultrasound and light in the scattering medium. In this paper we present a rigorous description fo
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, is usually diagnosed in its late state. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib and regorafenib are one of the few treatment options approved for advanced HCC and only prolong the patient's life expectancy by a few months. Therefore, there is a need for novel effective treatments. Cyclophilins are intracellular proteins tha
Ganciclovir (GCV) is the first-line therapy against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a widespread infection that is particularly dangerous for immunodeficient individuals. Closely resembling deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the tri-phosphorylated metabolite of GCV (GCV-TP) is preferentially incorporated by the viral DNA polymerase, thereby terminating chain extension and, eventually, viral replication. H
Large attachments can dramatically affect the dynamic response of an assembled structure. In various industrial sectors, e.g., the automotive, aircraft, and shipbuilding industries, it is often necessary to predict the dynamic response of assembled structures and large attachments in early-stage engineering design. To deal with this, it is often the finite element method (FEM) that is used in the
Thanks to name statistics published by the national bureaus of statistics in Scandinavia it is possible to study the changing popularity of first names. This paper is based on statistics from the years 1998-2002 in Sweden, 1998-2000 in Finland and 1880-2000 in Norway. The rise and fall in popularity — and in some cases renaissance — of individual names are shown and analyzed.It is observed that o
