Proliferation of voluntary instruments such as eco-labelling schemes and codes of conduct for tourism has been characterized by a strong environmental focus. This paper discusses the feasibility of creating recognition schemes that could address not only the ecological implications, but also the social and economic impacts of tourism activities. The analysis was performed by using a case study of

The influence of dielectric saturation effects and the granularity of a medium on the effective ion-ion interaction and the reorganization energy for electron-transfer processes have been studied using a medium built from dipoles and polarizabilities that are placed on a lattice. It was found that these effects lead to an increased repulsion between equally charged ions and an increased attraction

An evaluation and review of a structurally related group of fragrance materials. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Popular Abstract in Swedish I innemiljöer är ofta innertaken nedsänkta för att ge plats åt elinstallationer, ventilationsdon och dylikt. Om innertaken från början består av plattor som reflekterar ljud, så kan dessa perforeras och förses med porösa skikt, och därmed även användas som ljudabsorbenter. Mekanismerna för denna ljudabsorption är i princip välkänd, men det tillkommer bland annat en del The sound absorption characteristics of resonant absorbers, implemented as perforated suspended inner ceilings attached with thin porous layers, are investigated. Several existing theories model the principal absorption mechanisms, but the interaction with the outer sound field influences the absorption in ways that can be modelled with new approaches. The effect of arranging the absorbing surfac

Popular Abstract in Swedish I denna avhandling undersökes och diskuteras människosyn i arkeologisk forskning i ett långtidsperspektiv. Frågorna kring existentiella bilder av människan fokuseras kring det arkeologiska problemet jordbrukets uppkomst. Teorier om jordbrukets uppkomst från klassisk tid fram till det sena 1900-talet diskuteras med avseende på människosyn och dess förändring över tid ochArchaeology is about human beings – in the present and in the past. When we concern ourselves with archaeology we have to imagine prehistoric human beings thinking, feeling and acting. This imagining is the very precondition for the creation of meaning from the fragments and traces of human lives that we choose as our data. What kind of images of human beings do we create through the writing and r

The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide in the autonomic nerves innervating the pancreatic islets and previous studies have shown that it stimulates insulin and glucagon secretion. It is known that autonomic nerve activation contributes to the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia. In the present study, we evaluated whether PACAP is involved in th

The lysozyme-sodium dodecyl sulfate-water system features several interesting aggregation phenomena and is also of interest as it constitutes a model system for mixtures of a charged colloid with an oppositely charged surfactant, as both colloid and surfactant are pure and monodisperse compounds. The structure of such mixed protein - surfactant systems has been investigated by means of SANS contra

Each of 102 Nordic routine clinical biochemistry laboratories collected blood samples from at least 25 healthy reference individuals evenly distributed for gender and age, and analysed 25 of the most commonly requested serum/plasma components from each reference individual. A reference material ( control) consisting of a fresh frozen liquid pool of serum with values traceable to reference methods

Pancreatic tissue grafting is by far the most physiological therapeutic solution to the insulin deficiency of diabetes. Recent clinical trials have indicated somewhat successful use of nonsteroidal immunosuppressive regimens and a successful nonhuman primate trial using CD154 for costimulation blockade was reported. However, these protocols need to be replaced with safe and efficacious ones in whi

Periconceptional use of folic acid is thought to reduce the risk for both neural tube defects and other congenital malformations. Most published data were obtained retrospectively. We used the Swedish Medical Birth Registry to study congenital malformations in infants born of women who reported the use of folic acid in early pregnancy (of which 70% probably used it also preconceptionally) and comp

Nigella damascena seeds were extracted by cold press, in a Soxhlet apparatus and with CO2 The yield obtained with liquid CO2 was only 10.57%. EtOH (1%) increased the yield by 50%. CO2-extracts were separated into the 2 fractions. The yield in the first fraction increased 2 times by increasing the pressure from 150 to 350 bar. EtOH (1%) increased the yield 2 times at 150 bar. Linoleic acid was the

In a 5-y retrospective follow-up study in southern Sweden that initially included > 1000 individuals with previously diagnosed erythema migrans, factors that influenced the risk of reinfection with Lyme borreliosis were elucidated. The total frequency of reinfection was 4% and the number of tick bites influenced the risk of reinfection: those bitten > 10 times during the observation period had a 4

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) is activated by an array of mitogenic stimuli and is a key player in the regulation of cell growth. The activation process of S6 kinase involves a complex and sequential series of multiple Ser/Thr phosphorylations and is mainly mediated via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and mTor-dependent pathways. Upstre

Calponin (4.1-5.9 microM, pig stomach) inhibited maximal shortening velocity (Vmax) by 20-25% with only minor influence on force in skinned smooth muscle from guinea-pig taenia coli activated at different Ca2+ levels and with thiophosphorylation. Similar results were obtained with a fragment of the N-terminal 1-228 amino acids engineered using a mouse cDNA construct (5.4 microM). Both the native c