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Birds commonly use rest-phase hypothermia, a controlled reduction of body temperature (T (b)), to conserve energy during times of high metabolic demands. We assessed the flexibility of this heterothermic strategy by increasing roost-site temperature and recording the subsequent T (b) changes in wintering blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus L.), assuming that blue tits would respond to treatment by incr

We study how the quality and instability of institutions and policies affect economic growth in 35 European countries. While stability entails valuable predictability, instability can reflect reforms that offer positive long-run consequences. We construct measures of quality and instability for a panel of countries for 1984-2009. Results suggest that the quality of policy is growth-promoting. Nota

Difficulties in attracting student teachers have resulted in research focusing on student teachers' motives for studying to join the profession. Because previous findings are mixed, the first aim of this study was to explore motives for students to become teachers. A second aim was to explore the relationship between teachers' motives and their academic engagement and dropout rates at the end of t

We study the time-dependent transmission of entanglement entropy through an out-of-equilibrium model interacting device in a quantum transport set-up. The dynamics is performed via the Kadanoff-Baym equations within many-body perturbation theory. The double occupancy <(n) over cap (R dagger)(n) over cap (R down arrow)>, needed to determine the entanglement entropy, is obtained from the equations o

Detrital zircon age and Hf isotope patterns for the Cahill Formation and Nourlangie Schist are distinctly different from other Paleoproterozoic successions in the North Australian Craton. The Cahill Formation and Nourlangie Schist comprise the bulk of the Paleoproterozoic strata in the Nimbuwah Domain, the easternmost part of the Pine Creek Orogen on the northern margin of the North Australian Cra

The unsymmetrical dinucleating ligand 2-(N-isopropyl-N-((2-pyridyl)methyl)aminomethyl)-6-(N-(carboxylmethyl)-N-((2-pyridyl)methyl)aminomethyl)-4-methylphenol (IPCPMP or L) has been synthesized to model the active site environment of dinuclear metallohydrolases. It has been isolated as the hexafluorophosphate salt H(4)IPCPMP(PF(6))(2).2H(2)O (H(4)L), which has been structurally characterized, and h

We have previously shown that lithium can cause end-stage renal disease (ESRD): however, this serious side-effect of lithium in prophylactic treatment of mood disorders may reflect the treatment regime of the 1960s and 1970s. Today's modern treatment routines, intended to reduce or eliminate lithium-induced ESRD (Li-ESRD), were introduced in Sweden in the early 1980s. The aim of the present study

The parasites Leshmania mexicana and Trypanosoma cruzi cause serious health problems, and few efficient treatments are available. Recently, the two benzochromenes pulchrol (1) and pulchral (2) were reported from the roots of Bourreria pulchra, and especially 1 but also 2 was found to be active towards the parasites. In this paper, we present a total synthesis of 1 and 2 to facilitate their biologi

The performance of the linear consensus algorithm is studied by using a linear quadratic (LQ) cost. The objective is to understand how the communication topology influences this algorithm. This is achieved by exploiting the analogy between Markov chains and electrical resistive networks. Indeed, this allows us to uncover the relation between the LQ performance cost and the average effective resist

Den makaronesiska övärlden i likhet med de flesta andra ögrupper av vulkaniskt ursprung präglas ofta av en stor biologisk mångfald. En stor mångfald av arter inom många släkten och närvaro av närbesläktade arter i närliggande miljöer tyder på en utveckling av arter genom adaptiv radering. Endemismen är alltid procentuellt hög i dessa övärldar. Vill man uppleva unika endemer inom flora och även fau

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein that has been implicated in tumor-stroma interactions in pancreatic cancer. Here we evaluated the expression of SPARC during the progression of pancreatic cancer and its correlation with survival following curative intent surgery.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary factor in the cervical cancer development. Also after treatment for cervical dysplasia, HPV can be present and promote the recurrence of cervical disease. In the present study, the aim was to perform a long-term follow-up on the ability of HPV testing with genotyping, as compared with cytology, to predict recurrence of high-grade cervical intraep

Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) provides a crucial precursor, thymidine monophosphate (dTMP), for nucleic acid synthesis, and the activity of TK1 increases up to 200-fold during the S-phase of cell division in humans. An important part of the regulatory check-points is the ATP and enzyme concentration-dependent transition of TK1 from a dimer with low catalytic efficiency to a tetramer with high catalytic

Understanding the impacts of plant community characteristics on soil carbon dioxide efflux (R) is a key prerequisite for accurate prediction of the future carbon (C) balance of terrestrial ecosystems under climate change. However, developing a mechanistic understanding of the determinants of R is complicated by the presence of multiple different sources of respiratory C within soil - such as soil

Gas turbines are widely used for aircraft propulsion, land-base power generation, and other industrial applications like trains, marines, automobiles, etc. To satisfy the fast development of advanced gas turbines, the operating temperature must be increased to improve the thermal efficiency and output work of the gas turbine engine. However, the heat transferred to the turbine blade is substantial

The article examines the underlying conceptions of the practices of creativity embedded in the global copyright construction, and argues that there is a prevailing idealized image expressed in terms of individual and autonomous performance of “solitary geniuses”. This conception is an important part of what may be called a copyright ideology that increasingly has let the law develop into an indust

Long-term survivors of childhood cancer suffer from a higher mortality than the general population. Here we evaluate late and very late mortality, and patterns of causes of death, in five year survivors after childhood and adolescent cancer in cases diagnosed during four decades in the five Nordic countries. The study is population-based and uses data of the nationwide cancer registries and the ca

The aim of this study was to visualise the dynamics and interactions of the cells involved in autoimmune-driven inflammation in type 1 diabetes. We adopted the anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) transplantation model to perform non-invasive imaging of leucocytes infiltrating the endocrine pancreas during initiation and progression of insulitis in the NOD mouse. Individual, ACE-transplanted islets o