Most studies of patents citations focus on national or international contexts, especially contexts of high absorptive capacity, and employ examiner citations. We argue that results can vary if we take the region as the context of analysis, especially if it is a region with low absorptive capacity, and if we study applicant citations and examiner-inserted citations separately. Using a sample from t

The increase of co-authored papers is a recognized fact. At the same time the factors influencing this change is not well known. This article aims at studying the patterns of EU science co-authorships. We analyzed articles published in 18 EU countries and their intra-EU (within EU) and extra-EU (with partners outside EU) co-publication pattern in five scientific fields. The results point to a Euro

The purpose of the study was to identify the bactericidal mechanism of action and time kill assay of a medicinal plant Sphaeranthus indicus Linn against some highly resistant Gram positive and Gram negative clinical pathogens. Antimicrobial action of this plant was compared with four different antibiotics using disk diffusion method. The MIC and MBC of extract was measured by broth dilution method

Background: Gastric ulcers are painful sores with discontinuity in the entire thickness of stomach lining. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the major classes of drugs used in treatment of gastric ulcers by inhibiting H+/K+ATPase pump thus reducing acid secretion. The prototype of PPIs is omeprazole, one of its new derivatives, esomeprazole is known to have superior activity against NSAIDs i

Iridoids belong to a family of monoterpenoids comprising the cyclopentan[c]-pyran system; this class of compounds offers a wide range of biological effects, namely antileishmanial, anticancer, antiplasmodial, and anti-inflammatory potency. To date, a large number of biologically active iridoid derivatives have been reported from various plant families, including Rubiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophul

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) isa classical example of an amino acid that isan immediate precursor to dopamine andhas been developed as an effective therapeuticagent for a neurodegenerative disease.Dopamine deficiency is known to be acore pathogenic event in Parkinson's disease(PD). It is the main neurotransmitter responsiblefor modulation of motor behaviour.Peripherally given, L-DOPA is t

The presence of focal EEG abnormalities in juvenile absence syndrome (JAS) may cause it to be misdiagnosed as focal epilepsy. The purpose of our study was to determine the presence of focal EEG abnormalities in patients with JAS and to ascertain whether some clinical features or antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have an effect on focality. Serial EEGs of 52 consecutive patients with JAS were retrospectiv

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of polymorphism on in vitro-in vivo properties of carbamazepine (CBZ). For this purpose, three different polymorphs and a dihydrate of CBZ were obtained and the conventional tablets of these crystalline forms at the dose of 200 mg were prepared. The polymorphs were examined by the IR and DSC analysis. The tablets were investigated by

Purpose - This article attempts to match the future needs of older people with the possibilities arising from applications based on new technology. Design/methodology/approach - This article examines the implications of novel applications for active ageing policy. These applications are forecast to arise from the convergence of two or more previously separated science disciplines and technologies,

We consider relations between Rényi's and Hentschel - Procaccia's definitions of generalized dimensions of a probability measure μ, and give conditions under which the two concepts are equivalent/different. Estimators of the dimension spectrum are developed, and strong consistency is established. Particular cases of our estimators are methods based on the sample correlation integral and box counti

Traditionally, atherosclerosis has been evaluated macroscopically from the presence of fatty streaks (FS), fibrous plaques (FBP), and complicated lesions (CL). In this preliminary study, employing aortas from autopsied middle-aged or older persons we investigated the fatty raised lesion (FRL) to elucidate its significance and histological features. The FRL is determined macroscopically from its di

Background and aim: The value of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previous studies on lung function in individuals with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) have shown a variable annual decline in FEV1 (∆FEV1). The aim of this study was to analyze ∆FEV1 and to identify risk factors fo

We investigate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a cylindrical waveguide with an arbitrary cross section filled with a nonlinear material. The electromagnetic field is expanded in the usual eigenmodes of the waveguide, and the coupling between the modes is quantified. We derive the wave equations governing each mode with special emphasis on the situation with a dominant TE mode. The resu