Transport networks are crucial to the functioning of natural systems and technological infrastructures. For flow networks in many scenarios, such as rivers or blood vessels, acyclic networks (i.e., trees) are optimal structures when assuming time-independent in- and outflow. Dropping this assumption, fluctuations of net flow at source and/or sink nodes may render the pure tree solutions unstable e

Ultra-high field (UHF) imaging provides substantial benefits for the structural and functional investigation of the human medial temporal lobe. The medial temporal lobe is a complex system of many subregions that is critically involved in many cognitive functions and vulnerable to neurodegenerative processes. Here, we first lay out the benefits of UHF imaging for visualizing anatomical features wi

The amygdala was highlighted as an early site for neurofibrillary tau tangle pathology in Alzheimer's disease in the seminal Braak & Braak article (1991). This knowledge has, however, only received traction recently with advances in imaging and image analysis techniques. Here, we provide a cross-disciplinary overview of pathology and neuroimaging studies on the amygdala. These studies provide

When facing decisions involving trade-offs between smaller, sooner and larger, delayed rewards, people tend to discount the value of future rewards. There are substantial individual differences in this tendency toward temporal discounting, however. One neurocognitive system that may underlie these individual differences is episodic memory, given the overlap in the neural circuitry involved in imag

Unitization, that is, the encoding of an association as one integrated entity, has been shown to improve associative memory in populations presenting with associative memory deficit due to hippocampal dysfunction, such as amnesic patients with focal hippocampal lesions and healthy older adults. One reason for this benefit is that encoding of unitized associations would rely on the perirhinal corte

Hippocampal sulcal cavities (HSCs) are frequently observed on MRI, but their etiology and relevance is unclear. HSCs may be anatomical variations, or result from pathology. We assessed the presence of HSCs, and their cross-sectional association with demographics, vascular risk factors and cognitive functioning in two study samples. Within a random sample of 92 patients with vascular disease from t

BACKGROUND: Multi-atlas segmentation, a popular technique implemented in the Automated Segmentation of Hippocampal Subfields (ASHS) software, utilizes multiple expert-labelled images ("atlases") to delineate medial temporal lobe substructures. This multi-atlas method is increasingly being employed in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, it is therefore becoming important to know how the constr

Medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions play integral roles in memory function and are differentially affected in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. The ability to structurally and functionally characterize these subregions may be important to understanding MTL physiology and diagnosing diseases involving the MTL. In this study, we characterized network architecture of the MTL in health

Enteral supplementation with arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in extremely preterm infants has shown beneficial effects on retinopathy of prematurity and pulmonary outcome whereas exclusive DHA supplementation has been associated with increased pulmonary morbidity. This secondary analysis evaluates pulmonary outcome in 204 extremely preterm infants, randomized to receive AA (10

Introduction: The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide proposes that capability for suicide is acquired through exposure to painful and provocative events (PPEs). Although there is robust evidence for a positive association between aggregate measures of PPEs and risk for suicidal behavior, little is known about the contributions of physical injuries. The present study investigated the rel

Sedimentary fans are key targets of exploration on Mars because they record the history of surface aqueous activity and habitability. The sedimentary fan extending from the Neretva Vallis breach of Jezero crater's western rim is one of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover's main exploration targets. Perseverance spent ∼250 sols exploring and collecting seven rock cores from the lower ∼25 m of sediment

The parliamentary energy agreement of 2016 is a milestone in Sweden’s ambition to reach a renewable energy system, yet it explicitly states that it does not constitute a ban on nuclear power. The thesis examines how nuclear power as a policy alternative has been framed by different actors in the medial and political debate from 2014 up until the energy agreement was reached. The thesis makes use o

The problem that is interesting to investigate today is how EU laws have a different impact on different countries. During the refugee crisis in 2015, it was an event that affected many countries. However, the crisis was handled differently by the member states. The purpose of this essay has therefore been to investigate possible explanations for the handling of a crisis. This through political, e

Under de senaste åren har det uppkommit ett fåtal fall där foster/barn uppvisar livstecken eller livsduglighet vid sen abort. Det har medfört en diskussion, såväl etisk som rättslig, avseende hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens agerande i den uppstådda situationen. En del anser att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal bör ge foster/barn den vård som krävs med syfte att foster/barn ska överleva. Detta motiveraDuring the last couple of years, there have been a few cases where foetuses/children show signs of life or viability after late abortion. This has led to a discussion ethical and legally, regarding the actions of the healthcare professionals towards the fetus/child. Some argue that healthcare professionals should provide the foetuses/children with the necessary care for the foetuses/children to su

I kölvattnet av den omtalade ”snippadomen” har debatten om det svenska nämndemannasystemet väckts på nytt våren 2023. Debatten uppmärksammar dels problematiken kring de politiska partiernas nära inblandning med rekryteringen av nämndemän, dels huruvida nämndemannasystemet som det ser ut idag är motiverat. Flera politiska partier har uttryckt en önskan att reformera systemet utan att ge exempel på In the wake of a highly controversial appellate court verdict from February 2023, the debate about the Swedish lay judge system has been revived. The debate highlights both the problems surrounding the political parties’ close involvement in the recruitment of lay judges as well as whether the current lay judge system is justified. Several political parties have expressed a desire to reform the sy

This study questions how the European green transition impacts the EU’s relations to China, from a geoeconomics perspective. The basis of the study lies in the global political climate caused by the rules-based international order being challenged by China (and Russia), opposing the EU. Simultaneously, the EU sources a large percentage of the materials needed for the green transition from China. T

Den ryska invasionen av Ukraina har orsakat ofattbart mänskligt lidande och har destabiliserat den europeiska säkerhetsordningen. I gengäld har världsledare och internationella organisationer krävt att den ryska aggressionen beivras. Den rättsvetenskapliga debatten om lämpliga åtgärder för att säkerställa straffrättsligt ansvar för aggressionsbrottet har emellertid uppvisat stor oenighet bland forThe Russian invasion of Ukraine has brought immense suffering to the Ukrainian people and has destabilised the European security order. In response, world leaders and international organisations have called for the prosecution of the Russian aggression. However, the scholarly debate on the appropriate measures to ensure criminal accountability for the crime of aggression has demonstrated widesprea

The situation regarding Taiwan has been a long-standing and complex issue. Independence for Taiwan has long been a dream. However, China does not share the Taiwanese dream. China sees Taiwan as a province that has temporally broken away from the mainland; and frames the assimilation of Taiwan back into China as a matter of historical inevitability. America, on the other hand, is committed to maint

Denna undersökning tittar på sambandet mellan utbildningsnivå och nivån av liberal demokrati i 35 länder som har hela eller delar av sin landmassa på den europeiska kontinenten, för att ta reda på om utbildning är en lösning för ökad nivå av liberal demokrati. Hypotesen antar att det ska finnas ett starkt positivt samband mellan utbildning som oberoende variabel och liberal demokrati som den beroe

This essay aims to identify and categorize rightwing populist tendencies in six public speeches by the Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán and the former American president Donald Trump. The analysis is structured around three dimensions of right wing populism defined by Cas Mudde, these dimensions are anti-globalism, migration resistance and the populistic idea of the people against the elite.