Importance: Circulating levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are important in the course of brain injury in adults, but longitudinal postnatal circulating levels in preterm infants have not been investigated. Objectives: To examine postnatal longitudinal serum levels of NfL and GFAP in preterm infants during the first 15 weeks of life and to explore possib

Objective: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance. The initial treatment decision is based on clinical evaluation of patient volume status but an accurate assessment is difficult, particularly differentiating mild hypovolemia from euvolemia. The aim of this study is to examine if biomarkers are valuable in the early determination of volume status and SIADH diagnosis. Methods: Blood

Background/aim: In ED chest pain patients, a 0-hour/1-hour protocol based on high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) tests combined with clinical risk stratification in diagnosing acute coronary syndrome is recommended. Two of the most promising risk stratification tools are the History, ECG, Age, Risk Factors and Troponin (HEART) and Emergency Department Assessment of Chest Pain (EDAC) scor

Background and purpose The role of copy number variation (CNV) variation in stroke susceptibility and outcome has yet to be explored. The Copy Number Variation and Stroke (CaNVAS) Risk and Outcome study addresses this knowledge gap. Methods Over 24,500 well-phenotyped IS cases, including IS subtypes, and over 43,500 controls have been identified, all with readily available genotyping on GWAS and e

Background and aim: Generic drugs contain the same active ingredients as brand- name drugs, with the advantage of much lower costs. The aim of this thesis was to contribute new knowledge to the ongoing debate on the safety of generic antiseizure drug (ASD) substitutions. There was a particular emphasis on the pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes.Methods: In papers I and II, a prospective naturali

A key factor for the insulin response to oral glucose is the pro-glucagon derived incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), together with the companion incretin hormone, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Studies in GIP and GLP-1 receptor knockout (KO) mice have been undertaken in several studies to examine this role of the incretin hormones. In the present study, we revie

Background: Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques is the major cause of acute cardiovascular events. The biomarker PRO-C6 measuring Endotrophin, a matrikine of collagen type VI, may provide valuable information detecting subjects in need of intensified strategies for secondary prevention. Objective: In this study, we evaluate endotrophin in human atherosclerotic plaques and circulating levels of PRO-

Background: Previous studies have proposed growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. The present study aimed to determine if such associations remain after accounting for death as a competing risk, and if GDF-15 provides superior prediction performance than other biomarkers. Methods: Plasma GDF-15 levels and cardiovascular risk facto

BackgroundAssessment and treatment of the acutely ill patient have improved by introducing systematic assessment and accelerated protocols for specific patient groups. Triage systems are widely used, but few studies have investigated the ability of the triage systems in predicting outcome in the unselected acute population. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between the main com

Background: Frequent supraventricular arrhythmia is associated with increased incidence of atrial fibrillation. However, it is unknown whether the prognostic significance of supraventricular arrhythmia is modified by plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) or troponin T (TnT). This study examined the interrelationships between NT-proBNP, TnT levels and frequent suprav

Traditionally, biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions are often considered a unidirectional flux, from the ecosystem to the atmosphere, but recent studies clearly show the potential for bidirectional exchange. Here we aimed to investigate how warming and leaf litter addition affect the bidirectional exchange (flux) of BVOCs in a long‐term field experiment in the Subarctic. We also ass

CD59 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC). We showed previously that CD59 is highly expressed in pancreatic islets but is down-regulated in rodent models of diabetes. CD59 knockdown but not enzymatic removal of cell surface CD59 led to a loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), suggesting that an intrace