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Lignin is one of the world's most abundant organic polymers, and 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase (LigI) catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate (PDC) in the degradation of lignin. The pH has profound effects on enzyme catalysis and therefore we studied this in the context of LigI. We found that changes of the pH mostly affects surface residues, while the residues at the active

Background Serological response and association to clinical manifestation is important for understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Materials and methods A prospective observational study was conducted where antibody responses of IgG and IgA towards SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were studied over time in patients with COVID-19. Possible associations between antibody titers and outcome were analyzed.

The US has experienced a substantial decline in social trust in recent decades. Surprisingly few studies analyze whether individual-level explanations can account for this decrease. We use three-wave panel data from the General Social Survey (2006–2014) to study the effects of four possible individual-level sources of changes in social trust: job loss, social ties, income, and confidence in politi

In recent decades, there has been a global recognition of the co-constitutive relationship between gender justice and peaceful transformation of previously war-torn societies. This chapter investigates how “women-friendly states” have located their foreign policies within notions of gender equality and empowerment. It focuses on how feminist foreign policy is to all intents and purposes ethical an

Background: Essential proteins play an important role in the process of life, which can be identified by experimental methods and computational approaches. Experimental approaches to identify essential proteins are of high accuracy but with the limitation of time and resource-consuming. Objective: Herein, we present a computational model (PEPRF) to identify essential proteins based on machine lear

We present the archaeological discovery and microscale X-ray Computed Tomography (µCT) scanning of a silver coin purse lost in a medieval shipwreck while the king who issued many of the coins was aboard. The find demonstrates that shipwrecks are extraordinary repositories of historical information, in this case providing insight into one of the most important and dramatic events of medieval Scandi

Resting heart rate is a determinant of cardiac output and physiological homeostasis. Although a simple, but critical, parameter, this vital sign predicts adverse outcomes, including mortality, and development of diseases in otherwise normal and healthy individuals. Temporal changes in heart rate can have valuable predictive capabilities. Heart rate can reflect disease severity in patients with var

The paper presents digital nomads’ experiences about the support of digital technologies in relation to social isolation. Despite the abundant access to digital technologies for organizational cooperative purposes, the challenge of social isolation constitutes one of the central concerns in nomadicity practices, affecting employees’ choice of working arrangements. To gain further knowledge on the

The kidneys operate at the interface of plasma and urine by clearing molecular waste products while retaining valuable solutes. Genetic studies of paired plasma and urine metabolomes may identify underlying processes. We conducted genome-wide studies of 1,916 plasma and urine metabolites and detected 1,299 significant associations. Associations with 40% of implicated metabolites would have been mi

Digital technologies are increasingly common in language learning. Online media creation provides scope for agency and spaces for identity construction, but empirically grounded conceptualizations of the influences on learners' motivation are lacking and the digital technology–second language motivation interface remains largely unexplored. Using a grounded theory ethnographic approach (Charmaz,20

English is today learnt in multitudes of settings worldwide, making it difficult to characterize relationships between motivation and context in generalized terms (Ushioda 2013). In settings where students have extensive encounters with English outside school, a reluctance to invest effort in formal learning has been observed. To investigate ways in which out-of-school encounters impact on motivat

L2 motivation research has a longstanding monolingual bias. Recently, however, the motivational systems of a multilingual’s different languages have been conceptualized as constituting a multilingual motivational system, and it has been suggested that interactions between the ideal Lx self and the ideal Ly self can lead to the emergence of an ideal multilingual self. While the notion of an ideal m

Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a leading cause of graft loss and death after heart transplantation despite effective immunosuppressive therapies. The identification of factors that impair graft vascular barrier function or promote immune cell recruitment during ACR could provide new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of patients who receive transplants. In 2 ACR cohorts, we found the e