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The spatial and temporal pattern of land degradation in northeastern Iceland during the Holocene is analysed in relation to climatic fluctuations. Tephrochronology is used to date the infer-red terrestrial changes. and remote sensing and geographical information systems to assess the dynamic relationships between topographic relief. geomorphic processes and soil structure. Changes in vegetation an
The survival of the probiotic strains Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730, Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 and Bifidobacterium bifidum DSM 20456, all of human origin, were investigated in three different oat-based, non-dairy products (Adavena M40, MG20 and G40). The products were fermented by the three strains with and without the presence of a commercial yoghurt culture (V2). Samples were stored
The aims of the study were to verify the longterm effect of time on viral clearance in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients and to find out factors possibly associated with disease progression. A total of 1641 patients recruited from eight European centres in 1996-1.997 were re-analysed 5-7 years after inclusion. The occurrence of decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver trans
Background: Endogenous retroviruses ( ERVs) and solitary long terminal repeats ( LTRs) have a significant antisense bias when located in gene introns, suggesting strong negative selective pressure on such elements oriented in the same transcriptional direction as the enclosing gene. It has been assumed that this bias reflects the presence of strong transcriptional regulatory signals within LTRs bu
Astroglial cells in primary culture possess receptors with cyclic AMP and inositol phosphates (IP) as second messengers. The beta-receptor agonist, isoproterenol induces an increase in the accumulation of cyclic AMP, the alpha 2-receptor agonist clonidine inhibits the isoproterenol-induced accumulation of cyclic AMP, while the alpha 1-receptor agonist phenylephrine acts only on the inositol phosph
DNA microarrays have the potential to classify tumors according to their transcriptome. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) facilitate the validation of biomarkers by offering a high-throughput approach to sample analysis. We reanalyzed a high profile breast cancer DNA microarray dataset containing 96 tumor samples using a powerful statistical approach, between group analyses. Among the genes we identified
We examined the hypothesis that recording multiple elastic pressure-volume (Pel/V) curves and calculating alveolar derecruitment (V(DER)) induced by decreasing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may allow determination of alveolar closing pressures, thus helping to select the optimal PEEP level. V(DER) measured in 16 patients with acute lung injury (ALI) was compared with the lower inflection
Two unique methods to achieve selectivity toward multiple predetermined targets employing molecular imprinting technology have been developed. Partial filling capillary electrochromatography (CEC) was utilized to evaluate and compare the two techniques. The first approach, the mixed singly templated molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticle approach, is based on the mixing of two types of M
In this study, we investigated the metabolic responses of potato tissue induced by pulsed electric field (PEF). Potato tissue was subjected to field strengths ranging from 30 to 500 V/cm, with a single rectangular pulse of 10 μs, 100 μs, or 1 ms. Metabolic responses were monitored using isothermal calorimetry, changes on electrical resistance during the delivery of the pulse, as well as impedance
We have examined the regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) promoter activity in primary cultures of rat trigeminal ganglia neurons. A viral vector was used to circumvent the potential complication of examining only a small subpopulation of cells in the heterogeneous cultures. Infection with high titers of recombinant adenovirus containing 1.25 kb of the rat CGRP promoter linked to t
Evidence-based practice presupposes evidence-based decision-making. In the debate it is argued that a social work fashioned after evidence should be more rational, less authoritarian and built on scientific knowledge, respect and ethics. Yet the empirical evidence that this idea works is weak. In fact the difficulties met during efforts to implement evidence could be a sound reaction. Indeed diffi
Prognostic factors for complete tumour response and acute skin damage to combined hyperthermia and radiotherapy were analysed in material of patients with breast cancer, recurrent in previously irradiated areas. Radiotherapy was given daily to a total absorbed dose of 30.0 Gy in 2 weeks or 34.5 Gy in 3 weeks. The first radiotherapy schedule was combined with heat twice weekly, a total of four heat
Intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine injections in rats induce partial lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system which are accompanied by a delayed and protracted degeneration of DA neurons within the substantia nigra. By careful selection of the dose and placement of the toxin it is possible to obtain reproducible and regionally defined partial lesions which are well correlated with stable fun
InAs pyramids and platelets on a zinc-blende InAs substrate are found to exhibit a wurtzite crystal structure. induced by wurtzite InAs nanowires, wurtzite InAs thin film and its associated zinc-blende/wurtzite heterocrystalline heterostructures may open up new opportunities in band-gap engineering and related device applications.
Human embryonic stern cells (hESC) are now routinely cultured in many laboratories, and differentiation protocols are available to generate a large variety of cell types. In all ongoing ethical debate opinions of different groups are based oil varying sets of religious, historical, cultural and scientific arguments as well as oil widely differing levels of general information. We here give all ove
Some future directions for mycorrhizal research are discussed. Data from The IPCC Third Assessment Reports 2001 on elevated carbon dioxide the concentration and consequences regarding global climate change, form the basis for arguments that a better understanding of the mycorrhizal activities with regard to controlling carbon flow and plant nutrient flow is essential. Mycorrhiza can be regarded as
