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A new experimental and clinical study from Lund University in Sweden shows that the sleep hormone melatonin impairs insulin secretion in people with a common gene variant.

“This could explain why the risk of type 2 diabetes is greater among, for instance, overnight workers or people with sleeping disorders”, says Professor Hindrik Mulder who is responsible for the study. Melatonin is a naturally

https://www.ludc.lu.se/article/new-findings-explain-connection-between-melatonin-and-type-2-diabetes - 2025-12-21

One in three people with diabetes will face some form of renal impairment in the course of their lives. Studies conducted by researchers at the Lund University Diabetes Centre may lead to the development of an entirely new principle for treating type 2 diabetes and preventing kidney damage in the future. Previous analyses have not been able to identify genetic causes as to why some people have a h

https://www.ludc.lu.se/article/new-findings-can-lead-new-principle-treating-diabetic-kidney-damage - 2025-12-21

One in three people with diabetes will face some form of renal impairment in the course of their lives. Studies conducted by researchers at the Lund University Diabetes Centre may lead to the development of an entirely new principle for treating type 2 diabetes and preventing kidney damage in the future. Previous analyses have not been able to identify genetic causes as to why some people have a h

https://www.ludc.lu.se/article/new-findings-can-lead-new-principle-treating-diabetic-kidney-damage-0 - 2025-12-21

The European Research Council makes a large investment in diabetes research. A project led by Professor Paul Franks at Lund University Diabetes Centre is to develop methods that can be used in the design of preventive treatment for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. - Through this project we will use functional genomics and epidemiology to identify novel molecular mechanisms that underlie

https://www.ludc.lu.se/article/focus-personalized-treatment-type-2-diabetes-and-cardiovascular-disease - 2025-12-21

Social and economic factors have led to a dramatic rise in type 2 diabetes and obesity around the world. In a review in Science, Mark McCarthy, professor at the University of Oxford, UK, and Paul Franks, professor at Lund University, Sweden, examine the knowledge of the actual causes and the interplay between genetics and lifestyle factors. By studying how our genes express themselves in response

https://www.ludc.lu.se/article/type-2-diabetes-and-obesity-what-do-we-really-know - 2025-12-21

Quantitative bias analyses allow researchers to adjust for uncontrolled confounding, given specification of certain bias parameters. When researchers are concerned about unknown confounders, plausible values for these bias parameters will be difficult to specify. Read the paper at https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Fulltext/2021/09000/The_Importance_of_M…

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/importance-making-assumptions-bias-analysis - 2025-12-21

The benefits of using data from national registers as endpoints in epidemiological studies include faster, less resource-intensive access to nationwide data and considerably lower loss to follow-up, compared to manual data collection in a limited geographical area. Read the paper at https://www.dovepress.com/validating-acute-myocardial-infarction-diagno…

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/validating-acute-myocardial-infarction-diagnoses-national-health-registers-use-endpoint-research - 2025-12-21

The integrative data approach is an effective way to conduct cancer research assessing multilevel factors on cancer outcomes among small populations. Read the paper at https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/30/8/1506.long

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/integrating-electronic-health-record-cancer-registry-and-geospatial-data-study-lung-cancer-asian - 2025-12-21

This first publication of the Austrian Society of Esophageal Surgery shows that the outcome of esophageal surgery for cancer in Austria compares well with that of renowned international centers. However, a more comprehensive approach including as many national centers as possible will improve outcome research, offer quality management, and improve patient safety. The study group invites all Austri

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/esophageal-resection-austria-preparing-national-registry - 2025-12-21

The CARTR Plus registry is a robust resource for ART data in Canada. It provides easily accessible aggregated data for Canadian fertility clinics, and it contains data that are internationally comparable. Read the paper at https://academic.oup.com/hropen/article/2020/3/hoaa022/5848715

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/cartr-plus-creation-art-registry-canada - 2025-12-21

Parameters representing adjusted treatment effects may be defined marginally or conditionally on covariates. The choice between a marginal or covariate-conditional parameter should be driven by the study question. However, an unappreciated benefit of marginal estimators is a reduction in susceptibility to finite-sample bias relative to the unpenalized maximum likelihood estimator of the covariate-

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/decreased-susceptibility-marginal-odds-ratios-finite-sample-bias - 2025-12-21

Confounding, selection bias, and measurement error are well-known sources of bias in epidemiologic research. Methods for assessing these biases have their own limitations. Read the paper at https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Fulltext/2021/09000/Multiple_bias_Sensi…

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/multiple-bias-sensitivity-analysis-using-bounds - 2025-12-21

Monitoring survival in cancer is a common concern for patients, physicians, and public health researchers. The traditional cohort approach for monitoring cancer prognosis has a timeliness problem. In this paper, we propose a survivorship-period-cohort (SPC) model for examining the effects of survivorship, period, and year-of-diagnosis cohort on cancer prognosis and for predicting future trends in

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/survivorship-period-cohort-model-cancer-survival-application-liver-cancer-taiwan-1997-2016 - 2025-12-21

Life-course epidemiology is useful for describing and analyzing complex etiological mechanisms for disease development, but existing statistical methods are essentially confirmatory, because they rely on a priori model specification. Read the paper at https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/190/9/1898/6189737

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/data-driven-model-building-life-course-epidemiology - 2025-12-21

Although the need for addressing matching in the analysis of matched case-control studies is well established, debate remains as to the most appropriate analytical method when matching on at least 1 continuous factor Read the paper at https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/190/9/1859/6162924

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/matched-versus-unmatched-analysis-matched-case-control-studies - 2025-12-21

In the causal mediation framework, several parametric-regression–based approaches have been introduced in the last decade for estimating natural direct and indirect effects. For a binary outcome, a number of proposed estimators use a logistic model and rely on specific assumptions or approximations that may be delicate or not easy to verify in practice. Read the paper at https://academic.oup.com/a

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/parametric-regression-based-causal-mediation-analysis-binary-outcomes-and-binary-mediators-moving - 2025-12-21

Improvements in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) have resulted in longer survival and an increased focus on optimising daily functioning with the condition. Patient- reported outcome measures (PROMs) are valuable tools in evaluating the health- related quality of life of persons with chronic diseases. Read the paper at https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/bmjresp/8/1/e000927.full.pdf

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/acceptability-patient-reported-outcome-measures-proms-cystic-fibrosis-data-registry - 2025-12-21

Confounding by comorbidities is of concern in many epidemiological studies. To take this into account a common strategy is to calculate each participant’s Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and use this for adjustment in regression analyses. Various CCI adjustment strategies are possible, and it is unclear, which is preferable. Read the paper at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10654-021

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/methodical-considerations-adjusting-charlson-comorbidity-index-epidemiological-studies - 2025-12-21

A key assumption of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis is that there is no association between the genetic variants used as instruments and the outcome other than through the exposure of interest. One way in which this assumption can be violated is through population stratification, which can introduce confounding of the relationship between the genetic variants and the outcome and so induce an

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/use-negative-control-outcomes-mendelian-randomization-detect-potential-population-stratification - 2025-12-21

Investigators performing epidemiological research frequently form hypotheses based on data availability. One might ask how it could be otherwise. After all, what is the point of forming hypotheses if they can’t be tested? Read the paper at https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/50/4/1053/6259481

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/rounding-usual-suspects-confirmation-bias-epidemiological-research - 2025-12-21