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We have carried out a comparison study of hydrodynamical codes by investigating their performance in modelling interacting multiphase fluids. The two commonly used techniques of grid and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) show striking differences in their ability to model processes that are fundamentally important across many areas of astrophysics. Whilst Eulerian grid based methods are able t
N-body simulations sample their initial conditions on an initial particle distribution, which for cosmological simulations is usually a glass or grid, while a Poisson distribution is used for galaxy models, spherical collapse, etc. These pre-initial conditions have inherent correlations, noise due to discreteness, and preferential alignments, while the glass distribution is poorly defined and comp
Since its discovery in 1996, the source of the bright Ha emission (up to 750 mR) along the Magellanic Stream has remained a mystery. There is no evidence of ionizing stars within the H I stream, and the extended hot halo is far too tenuous to drive strong shocks into the clouds. We now present a hydrodynamical model that explains the known properties of the Ha emission and provides new insights on
Let C be the unit circle in R2. We can view C as a plane graph whose vertices are all the points on C, and the distance between any two points on C is the length of the smaller arc between them. We consider a graph augmentation problem on C, where we want to place k⩾1 shortcuts on C such that the diameter of the resulting graph is minimized. We analyze for each k with 1⩽k⩽7 what the optimal set of
Time-lapse resistivity surveys are used to monitor changes in the subsurface. In some situations, it is known that the resistivity will only decrease (or increase) with time. The 4-D ERT smoothness-constrained inversion method, that includes temporal smoothness constraint, has proved to be a robust method that reduces artefacts due to noise. However, in some cases, the time-lapse inverse models mi
Purpose: We applied Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods in a structured benefit–risk assessment of cladribine and newer approved disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: Decision conferencing with clinical neurologists as decision makers was used to create an MCDA model that incorporated available evidence on DMDs for RRMS
Eddy correlation measurements of CO2 fluxes over grassland on peat soil were performed from April to October 1994. In this article the measurement system is described and some results are discussed. The closed path system was compared with an open path eddy correlation system developed at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) in December 1994. Fluxes deduced from the results of the
Background: The SQ tree sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)–tablet (ALK-Abelló, Hørsholm, Denmark) is developed for treatment of tree pollen–induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). Objective: The aim of this pivotal phase III trial was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the SQ tree SLIT-tablet. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 634 subjects (12-65 y
“International Msc Educational Programme in Environmental Management and Modelling” (GeoNetC) is a European Commission funded project under ERASMUS+: Higher Education – International Capacity Building programme (Project No 561967-EPP-1-2015-1-SE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP). It began in October 2015 and ended in October 2018. Initiated by the Lund University and partners from the Middle East countries, the Geo
”De skäl som anförs i ’Tandläkarens olycka’ (NJA 2014 s. 364) rörande bevisbördans placering bygger i huvudsak på att ett påstående om försträckning står emot ett påstående av benefik karaktär …. De kan därför inte anses göra sig gällande med samma styrka när ett påstående om försträckning står emot ett påstående om betalning. […] Mot denna bakgrund finns anledning att i nu diskuterade fall falla
This study explores the impact an exogenous improvement in childhood health has on later-life outcomes. Using extensive and detailed register data from the Swedish Interdisciplinary Panel, we follow individuals exposed to the introduction of the first vaccine against polio in Sweden (birth cohorts 1937-1966) until adulthood in order to quantify the causal effect of polio vaccination on long-term e
The increase in average global temperature and higherfrequency of heat waves predicted by the majority ofmeteorological models will increase the effect of heat stresson human beings. For specifically addressing the impact ofthis environmental health risk on individuals, improvedmethods including individual factors such as clothing andmetabolic rate are needed. This presentation gives anoverview of
