The visual world projects a complex and rapidly changing image onto the retina of many animal species. This presents computational challenges for those animals reliant on visual processing to provide an accurate representation of the world. One such challenge is parsing a visual scene for the most salient targets, such as the selection of prey amid a swarm. The ability to selectively prioritize pr

Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield-related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for

The continuous unit operation of flotation is extensively used in mineral processing, wastewater treatment and other applications for selectively separating hydrophobic particles (or droplets) from hydrophilic ones, where both are suspended in a viscous fluid. Within a flotation column, the hydrophobic particles are attached to gas bubbles that are injected and float as aggregates forming a foam o

We use Google internet search volumes to measure households’ pessimism about overall market-wide credit health in the economy, and show that this “household default sentiment” is positively correlated with the credit default swap (CDS) spread level in the market. However, while household default sentiment might drive the cost of credit to some degree, either directly or indirectly through its effe

High-energy linear particle accelerators enable exploration of the microscopic structure of pharmaceuticals, solar cells, fuel cells, high-temperature superconductors, and the universe itself. These accelerators accelerate charged particles using oscillating magnetic fields that are confined in metal cavities. The amplitudes and phases of the electromagnetic fields need to be accurately controlled

This paper examines the Swedish experience of forward guidance 2007-2018. We focus on three interrelated issues: first, the effects of forward guidance on the discussion within the Board of Directors of the Riksbank, second, on the communication between the Riksbank and the public, and third, on the interest rate expectations held by various groups in Swedish society. We conclude that forward guid

BACKGROUND: Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in elderly men reduces aneurysm related mortality. AAA is commonly defined as an infrarenal aortic diameter (IAD) of ≥30 mm, which is based on the definition of an arterial aneurysm as a focal dilation of 150% or more compared to the expected diameter of about 20 mm. The IAD has been shown to correlate to body surface area (BSA). The aim of

Climate change shocks and stresses are expected to increasingly affect urban areas in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). However, there remain gaps in understanding local precipitation extremes and influential factors that can enhance urban resilience. This study synthesized determinants of urban resilience, investigated historic and projected precipitation extremes up to the year 2050. Also assessed were f

BACKGROUND: Despite complex illness trajectories and a high symptom burden, palliative care has been sub-optimal for patients with end-stage kidney disease and hemodialysis treatment who have a high rate of hospitalization and intensive care towards end of life. There is a growing awareness that further development of palliative care is required to meet the needs of these patients and their family

Healthy development of children in India is far from ensured. Proximate determinants of poor child health outcomes are infectious diseases and undernutrition, which are linked to socioeconomic status. In low- and middle-income countries, researchers rely on wealth indices, constructed from information on households’ asset ownership and amenities, to study socioeconomic disparities in child health.

In recent decades, obesity has gone from being a problem of first world countries to a global one. It is considered one of the main risk factors for many serious medical conditions. In order to treat and/or prevent obesity different strategies have been considered, one of the most common being the inhibition of lipase, the enzyme that is mainly responsible for lipid digestion. Even though there is

Malmö stad och dess invånare rör sig i en historisk tid och i en föränder­­lig miljö: sedan 1990 har staden vuxit med 43 procent. I Brottslighet och utsatthet i Malmö presenteras ett axplock av aktuell forskning, dess tillämpning och den påverkan som brottsligheten och utsattheten har och har haft på Malmö sedan början av 2000-talet.Brottslighet och utsatthet i Malmö tar upp ämnen som skjutvapens-Malmö and its inhabitants are living in a historical era and in a changing environment – in a city that has grown with 43 percent since 1990. Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö presents a selection of current research, and the impact that crime, victimization and vulnerability have had on Malmö since the early 2000s.Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö addresses topics such

Gun-related violence in Sweden has increased dramatically since the 1990s, and while the entire country has been affected, the Skåne region and Malmö in particular stand out. Although many of the shootings are directed at buildings and vehicles, more than ten people are killed and injured in the city every year. Violence caused by explosives has also increased both in Malmö and in the country as a

Obesity is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), but the association with the tumor microenvironment has been sparsely described. Herein, we examined the relationship between pre-diagnostic anthropometry and CRC risk according to tumor immune cell composition, with particular reference to potential sex differences. The density of different immune cell subsets was assessed by

During the last decades of the twentieth century, Western philosophy saw a renewed interest in religion. This ‘turn to religion’ was in many ways prompted by concrete geopolitical developments, such as the surge of religious fundamentalism or the new visibility of religious expressions and symbols in societies that had long conceived of themselves as profoundly secular. At about the same time, a g

Transcription factor (TF)-based reprogramming of somatic tissues holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that the TFs GATA2, GFI1B, and FOS convert mouse and human fibroblasts to hemogenic endothelial-like precursors that generate hematopoietic stem progenitor (HSPC)-like cells over time. This conversion is lacking in robustness both in yield and biological funct

We report on aryl ether-free 2,7-diphenylfluorene-based copolymers tethered with quinuclidinium (Qui) cations via hexyl spacers, prepared through superacid catalyzed Friedel Crafts polycondensation and quaternization reactions. The 2,7-diphenylfluorene monomers were prepared by Suzuki coupling and employed to increase polymer backbone stiffness. Corresponding copolymers and anion-exchange membrane

In this article, we propose a novel channel for phenomenological studies of the double-parton scattering (DPS) based upon associated production of charm cc¯ and bottom bb¯ quark pairs in well-separated rapidity intervals in ultraperipheral high-energy proton–nucleus collisions. This process provides direct access to the double-gluon distribution in the proton at small-x and enables one to test the

The sharing economy is an emerging niche for innovation capable of disrupting established socio-technical and economic regimes. Because of this potential to cause radical changes in a wide array of domains, research in multiple disciplines addressing various aspects entailing this phenomenon is proliferating. In this emerging body of literature, the understanding and framing of the sharing economy