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Heat generation due to plastic deformation of metals and steel is studied. Whereas in many investigations it is assumed that the fraction eta of the plastic work transformed into heat is constant throughout the deformation process, the fraction eta is here derived from thermodynamic considerations in a large-strain setting. It is shown that for elasto-plasticity the fraction eta follows as a resul
The effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal mycelial colonization and carbon allocation were assessed using Pinus silvestris plants grown in association with an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Plants were placed in perspex growth chambers divided by a central partition so that soils of different pH could be used on either side of the chambers. Differences between the growth form and growth rates of the fungi
Introduction: Activation recovery time (ART), defined as the time from the earliest ventricular activation time to the end of T wave on unipolar electrograms, has been used as an index of myocardial repolarization time. However, it is unknown whether the ART can be used to estimate the global sequence and dispersion of ventricular repolarization as determined by the monophasic action potential (MA
BACKGROUND. Endometrial carcinomas seem to carry a different prognosis depending on the presence or absence of concomitant complex atypical hyperplasia (hyperplasia). The molecular genetic profile of these two pathogenetic types, based on the genes reportedly mutated in these cancers, remains to be defined. Although microsatellite inability is reported in approximately 25% of endometrial carcinoma
The Serial Color Word Test was administered at baseline to 253 hypertensive men participating in the prospective cohort study of cardiovascular diseases "Men born in 1914" in Malmo, Sweden. This test of psychological adaptation to a stressful encounter was used to investigate whether susceptibility to stress moderates the risk of a cardiac event in association with hypertension. Adaptive behavior,
This paper outlines how an understanding of the processes of building cognitive and sociopolitical legitimacy is relevant to the formation of a biorefining sector. First we describe a number of theoretical insights into challenges faced by emerging industries and how these can relate to the formation of a biorefining sector. Second, we present the conduct and results of an initial exploration of u
The oxyntic mucosa is rich in ECL cells. They secrete histamine and chromogranin A-derived peptides, such as pancreastatin, in response to gastrin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). Secretion is initiated by Ca2+ entry. While gastrin stimulates secretion by opening L-type and N-type Ca2+ channels, PACAP stimulates secretion by activating L-type and receptor-operated Ca2+ c
The major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form a large protein family of ancient origin and are found in bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. MIPs act as channels in membranes to facilitate passive transport across the membrane. Some MIPs allow small polar molecules like glycerol or urea to pass through the membrane. However, the majority of MIPs are thought to be aquaporins (AQPs), i.e., they are spec
We examine a recently proposed symmetry/condition by Friedberg and Lee in the framework where three right-handed neutrinos are added to the spectrum of the three-family Minimal Standard Model. It is found that the right-handed neutrinos are very special, with respect to this symmetry. In the symmetry limit the neutrinos are massless and that may be a hint about why they are light. Imposed as a con
Monolithic macroporous hydrogels, "cryogels," are produced by polymerization in a partially frozen state when the ice crystals perform as a porogen. Cryogels have a unique combination of properties: (i) large (10-100 microm) pores; (ii) minimal non-specific interactions due to the hydrophilic nature of the polymers; (iii) porosities exceeding 80-90%; (iv) good mechanical stability. These propertie
A set of simple analytical equations, derived from the Flory-Huggins theory, are used to identify the dominant driving forces for phase separation and solute (e.g., protein) partitioning, in the absence and presence of added electrolyte, in every general class of aqueous two-phase systems. The resulting model appears to capture the basic nature of two-phase systems and all trends observed experime
Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in sensory neurons varies with injury or inflammation. The neurotrophins NGF and NT-3 are profound regulators of neuronal peptidergic phenotype in intact and injured sensory neurons. This study examined their potential for modulation of PACAP expression in adult rat with intact and injured L4-L6 spinal nerves with or without immediat
Pubertal growth was studied in 10 girls previously treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The average age at menarche was 12.2 years, which is significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than the expected 13.1 years. Compared with normal girls, these girls showed a subnormal (p less than 0.05) peak height velocity during the second year before menarche. The remaining growth before menarche as well a
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experience of fall risk from a lifeworld perspective in elderly women with previous fragility fractures. Thirteen elderly women with a high risk of fall and fracture, aged 76-86, living in their own homes in rural areas, were recruited from a voluntary fracture prevention programme. All women had a history of fragility fractures and we
A containment scale-model test, performed at Sandia National Laboratories, was loaded by overpressurization and the first leak was concluded to be caused by tears in the steel liner found near the equipment hatch. These tears were located in the vicinity of the vertical fold in between the general curved part and the embossment (vertical bend line). A 3D finite element analysis of the region near
Patients with severely deforming rheumatoid arthritis and impaired function of the upper extremity are often unable to use conventional walking aids. This report describes 42 such patients who were equipped with altogether 75 individually manufactured, lightweight walking aids (12 crutches, 12 forearm-crutches, 39 crutch-sticks and 12 sticks). A plaster cast of the patient's grip as well as analys
BACKGROUND. The objective of the current study was to compile prospective, population-based data on cutaneous invasive melanomas in Sweden during the period from 1990 to 1999, to describe and analyze survival data and prognostic factors, and to make comparisons with previously published Swedish and international data. METHODS. Twelve thousand five hundred thirty-three patients, which included 97%
An ab initio study of the role of electronic curve crossing of benzene S-1 state in the photo dissociation dynamics of the iodobenzene and effect of fluorination is presented. Two dissociative life times observed in iodobenzene is attributed to the coupled repulsive potential energy curves of the low-lying n-sigma*, pi-sigma*, pi-pi* states. The direct channel is attributed to the alkyl like trans
