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Enligt den gällande lydelsen av våldtäktsbestämmelsen går gränsen för straffbarhet vid huruvida målsägandens deltagande är frivilligt eller inte. Att fokus i bestämmelsen ligger på bristande frivillighet medför att svåra bedömningar måste göras av den tilltalades uppsåt. Det ska inte enbart göras en bedömning av den tilltalades mentala tillstånd vid gärningstillfället, utan dennes insikt ska även According to the current wording of the rape provision in Swedish law, the dividing line for criminal liability lies in whether the injured party’s participation was voluntary or not. The fact that the provision focuses on lack of consent entails that difficult assessments must be made regarding the defendant’s intent. It is not only a matter of assessing the defendant's mental state at the ti

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur individer tolkar villkorssatser för symptom och sjukdom, framförallt när dessa beskrivs som “Om sjukdom, så symptom”, och sekundärt vid det omvända: “Om symptom så sjukdom”. Även sambandet mellan need for cognition och korrektheten i dessa tolkningar undersöktes. En kvantitativ studie genomfördes, där 50 deltagare svarade på en enkät. Utifrån båda villkorsformeThe aim of this study was to investigate how individuals interpret conditional statements about symptoms and disease, primarily when these are phrased as “If disease, then symptoms”, secondarily also in the reversed form: “If symptoms, then disease”. Apart from this was the correlation between need for cognition and the accuracy of these interpretations, also examined. A quantitative study was con

This thesis investigates the complexities of strategy implementation within a decentralized multinational corporation (MNC), focusing on how a global strategic directive aimed at enhancing profitability per unit is interpreted and implemented across diverse regional and site-level contexts. The core purpose is to identify critical factors that influence this process, understand their interconnecte

This study aimed to examine the experiences of professionals and volunteers working with older women (aged 65 and above) who are subjected to domestic violence, within women's shelters. Furthermore, the study acknowledges the specific challenges faced by older women in accessing support services and examines how shelters attempt to reach and assist them. Despite growing awareness of domestic v

Poxviruses are large, double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate directly in the cytoplasm of the host eukaryotic cell. During assembly of viral particle progeny, viral membrane precursors derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, exhibit stabilised open ends inside intermediate structures called crescents. The process of viral membrane biogenesis during poxvirus assembly remains poorly understood.

I takt med att skogsbränder blir vanligare och allvarligare till följd av klimatförändringarnas effekter, ökar behovet av effektiv riskhantering och förståelse för de bakomliggande faktorerna till uppkomst och spridning av skogsbränder. Denna rapport angriper riskhantering av skogsbränder ur två perspektiv – kvantitativt och kvalitativt. I huvudsak presenteras spatio-temporala modeller för intensiAs wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe due to the effects of climate change, there is a need for effective risk management and understanding of the drivers behind wildfire ignition and spread. This thesis tackles wildfire risk management from two angles- quantitatively and qualitatively. Primarily it presents spatio-temporal models of the wildfire ignition intensity and the size of bur

As geopolitical instability and war increasingly affect entrepreneurial ecosystems, there remains a critical gap in understanding how ventures sustain operations under conditions of active, prolonged conflict. While existing resilience literature often focuses on temporary crises or post-conflict recovery, this study explores how tech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ukraine build oper

Bakgrund: Diskussionen om klimathotet, som är ett resultat av människans aktivitet, har pågått under årtionde. Inom arbetsterapeutisk teori innefattar konceptet ecopation att människan bör göra medvetna ekoetiska val som främjar hållbarhet på individuell, samhällelig och planetär nivå. För studenter i Sverige förespråkas från universitetshåll ett hållbart och ekoetiskt vardagsliv. Dock saknas studBackground: The discourse on the climate threat, as a result of human occupations, has persisted for decades. Within occupational therapy theory, the concept of ecopation encompasses the idea that individuals should make conscious eco-ethical choices that promote sustainability on individual, societal and planetary levels. Swedish universities advocate for a sustainable and eco-ethical everyday li

The high-temperature oxidation of stainless-steel parts poses significant problems in power generation, chemical processing, and heat exchanger industries. Stainless steel grades such as austenitic AISI 316L, 310S, and ferritic 430 commonly used in industries undergo carving of oxide scales which diminishes spatial quality, increases corrosion, and reduces thermal conductivity. This thesis focuses

Health inequality and unequal access to health care remain significant problems in Sweden. Migrants report enjoying a lower level of health, both in general and specifically in regard to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), as recognised by the Swedish Public Health Agency in their 2020 National Strategy. As a subgroup, asylum seekers find themselves at a particularly high vulnerabili

The Haber-Bosch process is a widely used method for industrial nitrogen fixation, converting nitrogen gas (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃). However, it is energy-intensive, requiring high temperatures and pressures. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) may offer a sustainable alternative, utilizing bacteria like Azotobacter vinelandii to convert nitrogen gas into ammonia. Co-culture systems combining A. vine

Industriella revolutionen är en av de största stegen människan tagit i sin utveckling som art. Idag, ungefär två sekel senare kantas samhället med problem såsom föroreningar och hög energiförbrukning. En central aktör i denna utveckling är den kemiska industrin – en vital sektor som, särskilt inom områden som läkemedelsutveckling, har expanderat kraftigt under 1900-talet. I EU under 2020, producerChemical waste from industrial processes poses a significant environmental challenge, often resulting from inefficient synthetic routes that involve excess reagents and ineffective methods. The principles of atom and step economy have become central to modern synthetic strategies, aiming to minimize waste and maximize molecular efficiency. In this context, photo-redox catalysis has emerged as a co

This thesis investigates the ecological and urban regeneration of the Svisloch River in Minsk, focusing on its central urban segment. Historically a natural watercourse and public axis, the Svisloch has undergone a significant transformation into a technically regulated water body, reflecting the city's changing priorities as a result of Soviet-era infrastructure development and contemporary u

This research has been conducted to measure the brake particle emission from freight trains drag braking operation. It only focuses on mechanical brakes by using two different brake pad material one is sintered, and another one is composite, in combination with grey cast iron brake disc. All the materials have been collected from real time braking operations from Green cargo. This research is an e

Assessing credit risk for European utility companies is difficult due to the limited number of defaults and differences in data availability between firms. This thesis develops a hybrid framework to estimate one-year Probability of Default for a portfolio of European utilities, combining a market-based structural model for publicly traded companies with a financial ratio-based scoring model for pr

Problem: The Milky Way disk consists of two distinct components, the thin and thick disk, each with unique kinematical, elemental, and age-related properties. Among all the properties considered, age stands out as the only one that does not exhibit significant overlap, thereby offering clearer separation between the populations. Stellar ages, determined through isochrone fitting, are reliable main

Extremophilic bacteria, like Rhodothermus marinus, hold promising potential to be used as non-model cell factories for the production of various metabolites, such as carotenoids or exopolysaccharides, due to their inherent adaptability to extreme environmental conditions. This study explores the production, isolation, and characterisation of carotenoids from an engineered R. marinus strain termed