The general case for a linear approximation of the form "X-1+(...)+X-k mod 2(n'') -->"X-1 circle plus(...)circle plus X-k circle plus N" is investigated, where the variables and operations are n-bit based, and the noise variable N is introduced due to the approximation. An efficient and practical algorithm of complexity 0(n (.) 2(3(k-1))) to calculate the probability Pr{N} is given, and in some ca

In this study on Viola tricolor pollen, the competitive ability of 16 pollen donors originating from a wild population was analysed in a set of greenhouse and germination temperatures. The aim was to examine the consistency in donor pollen performance across temperatures and to see whether variation in performance was random or due to individual differences in the plastic response to temperature.

Nigella degenii ssp. barbro and ssp. jenny differ from related taxa in being dimorphic for pollen color, with some plants having dark pollen and others light pollen. In this study we performed experimental crosses to determine whether the difference in pollen color is governed by few or many loci and whether the two subspecies utilize the same gene to control pollen color. Patterns of segregation

At FSE 2004 two new stream ciphers VMPC and RC4A have been proposed. VMPC is a generalisation of the stream cipher RC4, whereas RC4A is an attempt to increase the security of RC4 by introducing an additional permuter in the design. This paper is the first work presenting attacks on VMPC and MA. We propose two linear distinguishing attacks, one on VMPC of complexity 2(54), and one on RC4A of comple

The behavior of antioxidants in emulsions is influenced by several factors such as pH and emulsifier type. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between selected food emulsifiers, phenolic compounds, iron, and pH and their effect on the oxidative stability of n-3 polyunsaturated lipids in a 10% oil-in-water emulsion. The emulsifiers tested were Tween 80 and Citrem, and the phenolic compound

Two anionic fluorene-thiophene alternating copolymers, poly[9,9-bis(4-sulfonylbutoxyphenyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl-2,5-thienylene] (PBS-PFT) and poly [9,9-bis(4-sulfonylbutoxyphenyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl-2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'- diyl] (PBS-PF2T), have been synthesized and their solution behaviors in water studied by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence, and electrical conductivity and compared with th

The present study was devoted to investigate the effects of the metabotropic glutamate receptor(mGluR)5 antagonist [(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]pyridine (MTEP) and the mGluR1 antagonist, (3-ethyl-2-methyl-quinolin-6-yl)-(4-methoxy-cyclohexyl)-methanone methanesulfonate (EMQMCM), in animal studies indicative of antiparkinsonian-like activity such as haloperidol-induced catalepsy, hypoactivit

In the Swedish Hernia Register 2834 inguinal hernia repairs in 2583 patients were registered in the county of Uppsala 1998-2004. In May 2005 the 2421 patients still alive were requested by mail to fill in a validated questionnaire concerning postherniorrhaphy pain. The final response rate became 72%. Altogether 519 patients (29%) stated that they had pain in the operated groin to some extent durin

For the last four decades there has been sustained scientific interest in contemporary environmental change in the Sahel (the southern fringe of the Sahara). It suffered several devastating droughts and famines between the late 1960s and early 1990s. Speculation about the climatology of these droughts is unresolved, as is speculation about the effects of land clearance on rainfall and about land d

Transduced deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dNK) can be used to kill recipient cells in combination with nucleoside prodrugs. The Drosophila melanogaster multisubstrate dNK (Dm-dNK) displays a superior turnover rate and has a great plasticity regarding its substrates. We used directed evolution to create Dm-dNK mutants with increased specificity for several nucleoside analogs (NAs) used as anticancer

Adsorption of 10 PCB congeners in aqueous solutions on glass-fibre filters taken from different boxes but of the same type were not significantly different. The standard deviations using filters from the same box were below 10% at concentration levels of 4.1 ng L-1. At this level, the adsorption of dissolved PCB at the filters was in the range of 5-20%. depending oil the congener. This led to a pr

Although technological change is a hallmark of health care worldwide, relatively little evidence exists on whether changes in health care differ across the very different health care systems of developed countries. We present new comparative evidence on heart attack care in seventeen countries showing that technological change—changes in medical treatments that affect the quality and cost of care—

Six patients with Parkinson's disease were followed for 10 to 72 months after human embryonic mesencephalic tissue from four to seven donors was grafted unilaterally into the putamen (4 patients) or putamen plus caudate (2 patients). After 8 to 12 months, positron emission tomography showed a 68% increase of 6-L-[18F]-fluorodopa uptake in the grafted putamen, no change in the grafted caudate, and

The clinical picture with its pathological correlate was analysed in 16 patients fulfilling consensus criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The cases were part of a larger cohort (n = 200) of patients within a prospective longitudinal study of dementing disorders. Six cases exhibited not only Lewy bodies (LBs) but also other brain pathologies such as Alzheimer changes, multiple infarcts or

Capsule endoscopy (CE) has greatly facilitated the diagnosis of small-bowel lesions in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding [1]. It was recently reported by Hollerbach et al. [2] that endoscopically assisted video capsule endoscopy facilitates the investigation of the small bowel in patients with functional gastric outlet obstruction. Swallowing difficulties, which are not uncommon in e

When mice are injected with dexamethasone, cortical thymocytes are deleted through programmed cell death (PCD). We have used this in vivo model system to investigate the kinetics of PCD and cell proliferation in relation to polyamine metabolism for 16 h after injection of dexamethasone. As a marker for PCD, we used the appearance of a sub-G(1)peak in the DNA histogram. When a sub-G(1)peak appeared

The influence of incubation time and Fenton reagent concentrations was investigated on the oxidation of 2'-deoxyguanosine. The compounds identified and quantified, through use of an LC-MS/MS system, were 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8,5'- cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8,5'cyclodG) and the secondary oxidation products guanidinohydantoin and dehydro-guanidinohydantoin. 8-oxodG and 8,

Intracapsular hip pressure was measured before surgery in 17 patients (18 hips) with coxarthrosis. The results were correlated to pain as registered on a visual analog scale. With the hip in extension, the pressure was 49.5 mmHg (SD, 40.2); in 45 degrees of flexion, it was 21.3 mmHg (SD, 14.6); in extension and inward rotation, it was 105.7 mmHg (SD, 76.0); and in extension and outward rotation, i

We argue that critical management studies (CMS) should be conceptualized as a profoundly performative project. The central task of CMS should be to actively and pragmatically intervene in specific debates about management and encourage progressive forms of management. This involves CMS becoming affirmative, caring, pragmatic, potential focused, and normative. To do this, we suggest a range of tact