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The perennial herbaceous crop Arundo donax is a potential feedstock for second-generation bioethanol production. In the present work, two different process options were investigated for the conversion of two differently steam-pretreated batches of A. donax. The pretreated raw material was converted to ethanol with a xylose-consuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, VTT C-10880, by applying either

Study Objectives: Although hypothesized through animal studies, a temporal and causal association between hypocretin deficiency and the onset of narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC) has never been proven in humans. Setting: Paediatric Department, Blekinge Hospital, Sweden, and Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark. Patient and Results: Two weeks after his second Pandemrix-vaccinat

1. The ability of exotic plant species to establish and expand in new areas may be enhanced by a relatively high ability to acquire soil nutrients. To test this hypothesis, we predicted that the capacity for nutrient acquisition would be higher in seedlings of exotic species than in seedlings of native congeners. 2. We selected the five exotic species that had recently increased in abundance in a

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), established by intravesical inoculation of E.coli 83972, is protective in patients with recurrent UTI. In an RCT cross-over study, two patients developed three symptomatic UTI episodes while carrying E.coli 83972. This study examined if a reacquisition of virulence by symptom isolates may account for the switch from ABU to symptomatic UTI.

MD simulations can now explore the complex dynamics of proteins and their associated solvent in atomic detail on a millisecond time scale. Among the phenomena that thereby become amenable to detailed study are intermittent conformational transitions where the protein accesses transient high-energy states' that often play key roles in biology. Here, we present a coherent theoretical framework, base

One of the challenges facing prosthetic designers and engineers is to restore the missing sensory function inherit to hand amputation. Several different techniques can be employed to provide amputees with sensory feedback: sensory substitution methods where the recorded stimulus is not only transferred to the amputee, but also translated to a different modality (modality-matched feedback), which t

Imazalil (IMZ) is a fungicide used in the cultivation of vegetables, such as cucumbers, in green houses or post-harvest on fruit to avoid spoilage due to fungal growth. Agricultural workers can be occupationally exposed to IMZ and the general public indirectly by the diet. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an LC-MS-MS method for the analysis of IMZ in human urine. The method us

Consider the random graph on n vertices 1,...,n. Each vertex i is assigned a type x(i) with x(1),...,x(n) being independent identically distributed as a nonnegative random variable X. We assume that EX3 < infinity. Given types of all vertices, an edge exists between vertices i and j independent of anything else and with probability min{1, x(i)x(j)/n (1 + a/n(1/3))}. We study the critical phase, wh

Recent studies indicate that the urokinase system could have an important role in atherogenesis and plaque rupture. The relationships among the soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), carotid plaque, and incidence of ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD) events were studied in a prospective cohort.

Postprandial lipemia varies with composition of dietary fat due to partitioning of fatty acids between beta-oxidation, incorporation into TAG, and tissue lipids. Effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are poorly characterized. Lipase-catalyzed transesterification was used to produce a novel ALA-oil (35% ALA) from rapeseed and linseed oil. We hypothesized a lower postprandial lipemic response with A

This paper deals with a continuous review, two-echelon serial (two locations) inventory system with perishable items. Transportation times and the lifetime of items are fixed. When the age of an item has reached its lifetime, the item is useless and consequently discarded from the system. The downstream location faces Poisson demand, and demand that cannot be met immediately is backordered. In thi

The notion of the phoneme counts as a break-through of modern theoretical linguistics in the early twentieth century. It paved the way for descriptions of distinctive features at different levels in linguistics. Although it has since then had a turbulent existence across altering theoretical positions, it remains a powerful concept of a fundamental unit in spoken language. At the same time, its co

Study Design. A register cohort study.Objective. To evaluate outcome of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis without concomitant degenerative spondylolisthesis according to predominance of pain and to analyze the role of spinal fusion in conjunction with decompression in patients with predominant back or leg pain.Summary of Background Data. Predominance of back pain is associated with inferior outco

Since 2009, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regime has seen the emergence of several new political groups. This article analyses how the new political groups are positioning themselves in relation to the key UNFCCC principles (the North–South divide and ‘common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities’, CBDR/ RC). Drawing on original data, in

Finegoldia magna is a Gram-positive anaerobic commensal of the human skin microbiota, but also known to act as an opportunistic pathogen. Two primary virulence factors of F. magna are the subtilisin-like extracellular serine protease SufA and the adhesive protein FAF. This study examines the molecular mechanisms F. magna uses when colonising or establishing an infection in the skin. FAF was found

ELSA (European Leadership in Space Astrometry) is a four-year, EU-funded Research Training Network ending in September 2010. It has employed 10 postgraduate students and 5 postdocs for 2-3 years and financed a number of workshops, training events and topical meetings, culminating in the present symposium. The primary goal of ELSA is to train young scientists in the context of the Gaia project whil

We consider a splitting-based approximation of the abstract differential Riccati equation in the setting of Hilbert--Schmidt operators. The Riccati equation arises in many different areas and is important within the field of optimal control. In this paper we conduct a temporal error analysis and prove that the splitting method converges with the same order as the implicit Euler scheme, under the s