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Self-assembly processes play a key role in the fabrication of functional nano-structures with widespread application in drug delivery and micro-reactors. In addition to the thermodynamics, the kinetics of the self-assembled nano-structures also play an important role in determining the formed structures. However, as the self-assembly process is often highly heterogeneous, systematic elucidation of
This paper presents the first performance results of the ALICE TPC Readout Control Unit 2 (RCU2). With the upgraded hardware typology and the new readout scheme in FPGA design, the RCU2 is designed to achieve twice the readout speed of the present Readout Control Unit. Design choices such as using the flash-based Microsemi Smartfusion2 FPGA and applying mitigation techniques in interfaces and FPGA
Tumor response in radionuclide therapy can be monitored with PET/CT and/or PET/MR. A high background photon fluence from a therapy radionuclide may influence both image quality and quantification, when imaging is performed intra-therapeutically, i.e. with high activity of the therapeutic radionuclide present. Here, count losses and image distortion have been investigated for preclinical and clinic
The luminosity monitor LUCID (LUminosity Cherenkov Integrating Detector) employed in the ATLAS experiment at the LHC had to be upgraded for the second run of LHC (Run 2) that started in spring 2015. The increased energy of the proton beams and the higher luminosity implied that the Photomultipliers of the original LUCID detector had to be replaced for Run 2 to cope with the more demanding conditio
Traditional phase scan method for cavity phase and amplitude setting is offline and hard to track the variations of environment and operation points. An alternative beam loading based calibration method is investigated in this paper, which might become useful online/real time calibration method.
The 4th generation of district heating systems face a potential problem where lowered water temperatures lead to higher flow rates, which requires higher hydraulic capacity in terms of pipe and pump sizes. This increases the effect of the already existing issue of hydraulic bottlenecks, causing peripheral units (customers) to experience reduced flow rates. A coordinating control strategy is presen
In a two Higgs-doublet model with D4 flavor symmetry we establish a relation between tanβ and the Cabibbo angle. Due to a small number of parameters, the quark Yukawa sector of the model is very predictive. The flavor changing neutral currents are small enough to allow for relatively light nonstandard scalars to pass through the flavor constraints.
We present a method to find anomaly-free gauged Froggatt-Nielsen type models using results from algebraic geometry. These methods should be of general interest for model building beyond the Standard Model (SM) when rational charges are required. We consider models with a gauged U(1) flavor symmetry with one flavon and two Higgs doublets and three right-handed SM singlets to provide three model exa
In increasingly digitalised societies, government initiatives to ensure that public services remain accessible for everyone typically focus on the digital inclusion of older adults. However, by solely viewing older adults as passive recipients or consumers of services, digital inclusion strategies under-emphasise the concept of digital participation. Highlighting the importance of older adults as
The MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring is presently being commissioned and crucial parameters such as machine functions, emittance, and stored current have either already been reached or are approaching their design specifications [1, 2]. Once the baseline performance has been achieved, a campaign will be launched to further improve the brightness and coherence of this storage ring for typical x-ray users.
Over the past years, the LHC experiments have reported experimental evidence for processes associated to photon-photon and photon-hadron interactions, showing their potential to investigate the production of low- and high-mass systems in exclusive events. In the particular case of the photoproduction of vector mesons, the experimental study of this final state is expected to shed light on the desc
The installation of the vacuum system of the 3 GeV storage ring was started in November 2014 and finished in May 2015. In August 2015 the commissioning of the storage ring started, the first stored beam has been achieved on the 15th of September 2015. The installation of the vacuum system of the 1.5 GeV storage ring was done from September 2015 and the main part finished in December 2015, the conn
Many novel modulated radiation treatment techniques are sensitive to patient motion which may degrade the dose distribution considerably. As there may be a simultaneous movement of the tumour and treatment machine, undesired heterogeneities in the dose distribution can be resulted. Methods to estimate the dosimetric effect of motion and treatment deliveries for both photons and protons are needed.
The Fourier split-step method is used for solving parabolic equations in, for example, computational electromagnetics. In this paper we develop a spectral based Fourier split-step method that will take a limited degree of information with regard to the refractive index of the atmosphere into account.
Heat transfer characteristics in a latticework duct with various sidewalls are numerically investigated. The crossing angle is 90 deg and the number of subchannels is eleven on both the pressure side and suction side for each latticework duct. The thickness of the ribs is 8 mm and the distance between adjacent ribs is 24 mm. The investigation is conducted for various Reynolds numbers (11,000 to 55
The higher efficiency and higher availability (fault-tolerant oriented) of RF & Cavity system (with beam loading) to operate at, the more dynamic details needs to be identified, so as to have the abilities (a) to work at nonlinearities, (b) to work close to limitation, and (c) to change operation point quickly and correctly. Dynamic detail identifications rely heavily on high precision measuri
A numerical method was used to study the effect of the broken rib locations on the heat transfer and flow structure in the latticework duct with various rotational numbers. The latticework duct had eleven subchannels on both the pressure side and the suction side. The crossing angle for each subchannel was 45 deg. The numerical studies were conducted with five different broken rib locations and si
In this paper we use numerical simulations to study a two-dimensional (2D) quantum dot (cavity) with two leads for passing currents (electrons, photons, etc.) through the system. By introducing an imaginary potential in each lead the system is made symmetric under parity-time inversion (PT symmetric). This system is experimentally realizable in the form of, e.g., quantum dots in low-dimensional se
The success of many emerging molecular electronics concepts hinges on an atomistic understanding of the underlying electronic dynamics. We employ picosecond time-resolved x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (tr-XPS) to elucidate the roles of singlet and triplet excitons for photoinduced charge generation at a copper-phthalocyanine-C60 heterojunction. Contrary to common belief, fast intersystem crossi
