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OBJECTIVE:: In this study we aimed to investigate the frequency and activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and natural killer (NK) cells among HIV-1, HIV-2, or dually HIV-1/HIV-2 (HIV-D)-infected individuals, in relation to markers of disease progression. DESIGN:: Whole blood samples were collected from treatment-naïve HIV-1 (n?=?23), HIV-2 (n?=?34) and HIV-D (n?=?11) infected indiv

Aims/hypothesis: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 65 genetic loci associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the contribution of distorted parental transmission of alleles to risk of type 2 diabetes has been mostly unexplored. Our goal was therefore to search for parent-of-origin effects (POE) among type 2 diabetes loci in families. Methods: Families from the

The article discusses possible effects of the use of analgesics during pregnancy. It summarizes the pertinent literature and reports some previously unpublished data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Most likely the use of analgesics does not cause spontaneous abortion. Only small malformation risk increases are seen after the use of opioids and perhaps non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (N

Background: Uncertainty is inevitable in clinical practice in primary care and tolerance for uncertainty and concern for bad outcomes has been shown to vary between physicians. Uncertainty is a factor for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. Evidence-based guidelines as well as near-patient tests are suggested tools to decrease uncertainty in the management of patients with respiratory tract infe

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess whether heparin treatment (both UFH and LMWH) in preterm and term newborn infants with diagnosed thrombosis reduces the rate of mortality and morbidity. The intervention will be compared to placebo or no treatment. In addition, the safety of heparin therapy (both UFH and LMWH) will be assessed for

Background: The study focuses on three questions related to the clinical usefulness of microdialysis in severe brain trauma: (1) How frequently is disturbed cerebral energy metabolism observed in various types of lesions? (2) How often does the biochemical pattern indicate cerebral ischaemia and mitochondrial dysfunction? (3) How do these patterns relate to mortality? Method: The study includes 21

Autoantibodies termed C3-nephritic factor (C3NeF), which stabilize convertases of the alternative complement pathway, often stimulate autoinflammatory diseases. However, knowledge about analogous autoantibodies acting on the classical pathway (C4NeF) is limited to a few reports, which indicate association with kidney dysfunction, systemic lupus erythematous, and infections. C4NeF may appear indepe

Objective: To estimate points along the spectrum of β-amyloid pathology at which rates of change of several measures of neuronal injury and cognitive decline begin to accelerate. Methods: In 460 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we estimated the points at which rates of florbetapir PET, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, MRI, and cognitive and functional decline begin to accelerate with re

Objective: The aim of this study was to create a model for predicting progression-free survival after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Material and methods: The risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) was modelled in a cohort of 3452 men aged 70 years or younger who were primarily treated with radical prostatectomy after being diagnosed between 2003 and 2006 with localized prostat

Background: Preterm birth remains the major risk factor for the development of intraventricular haemorrhage, an injury that occurs in 25% of very low birth weight infants. Intraventricular haemorrhage is thought to be venous in origin and intrinsic thromboses in the germinal matrix are likely to play a triggering role. Heparin activates antithrombin and promotes the inactivation of thrombin and ot

Primary objective: To describe vocational outcome 6–15 years after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) among individuals who were productive by working or studying at the time of their TBI and determine associations with variables related to the time of injury and at follow-up. Methods and procedures: Thirty-four individuals with a mild TBI and 45 with a moderate-to-severe TBI were assessed on average

Purpose: Autosomal recessive mutations in LRBA, encoding for LPS-responsive beige-like anchor protein, were described in patients with a common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)-like disease characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, autoimmune cytopenias, and enteropathy. Here, we detail the clinical, immunological, and genetic features of a patient with severe autoimmune manifestations. Methods: Who

Inside-out submitochondrial particles from both potato tubers and pea leaves catalyze the transfer of hydride equivalents from NADPH to NAD+ as monitored with a substrate-regenerating system. The NAD+ analogue acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide is also reduced by NADPH and incomplete inhibition by the complex I inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) indicates that two enzymes are involved in this re

Two different cDNAs, homologous to genes for rotenone-insensitive NADH dehydrogenases of bacteria and yeast, were isolated from potato. The encoded proteins, called NDA and NDB, have calculated molecular masses of 55 and 65kDa, respectively. The N-terminal parts show similarity to mitochondrial targeting peptides and the polypeptides are in vitro imported into potato mitochondria. Import processin

Respiratory complex I of plant mitochondria has to date been investigated with respect to physiological function, biochemical properties and molecular structure. In the respiratory chain complex I is the major entry gate for low potential electrons from matrix NADH, reducing ubiquinone and utilizing the released energy to pump protons across the inner membrane. Plant complex I is active against a

Genes encoding subunits of complex I (EC 1.6.5.3) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain vary in their locations between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in different organisms, whereas genes for a homologous multisubunit complex in chloroplasts have to date only been found on the plastid genome. In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), the gene coding for the mitochondrial 76 kDa iron-sulphur prote

Many diverse metabolic processes are coupled to the turnover of the coenzyme NADP in the matrix of plant mitochondria. NADPH can be produced via the NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase as well as via enzymes like NAD-malic enzyme, NAD-malate dehydrogenase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase. Although not NADP-specific, the latter enzymes can all catalyse the reduction of NADP+ at appre