Mängdlära är den gren av den matematiska logiken där man studerar så kallade \textit{mängder}. I axiomatisk mängdlära undviker man att definiera begreppet \textit{mängd}, men det är meningen att mängder ska bete sig som samlingar av objekt av något slag. Som alltid i matematiken börjar man med att skriva ned en lista med axiom, från vilka man sedan försöker härleda en så rik teori som möjligt. DetWe investigate the strength of the Ultrafilter Lemma in comparison to the Axiom of Choice. In particular, we prove that a number of classical mathematical theorems are equivalent to the Ultrafilter Lemma over $\sf ZF$, and we study a few results which are typically only obtained in $\sf ZFC$ (as opposed to $\sf ZF$) but which can also be proven from the conjunction of $\sf ZF$ with the Ultrafilter

Det finns ingen tydlighet i vad instrumentkännedom i piano innefattar. Vi ser att pianots konstruktion, egenskaper och instrumentkännedom skiljer sig märkbart på akustiska och digitala pianoinstrument. Studiens bakgrund är kopplad till våra egna erfarenheter som pianolärarstudenter och framtida pianolärare. Vårt syfte med studien är att ta reda på vad instrumentkännedom innebär för olika pianoläraThere is no clarity on what instrument knowledge in piano should contain. We can see that the construction, functions and instrument knowledge vary significantly depending on if it is an acoustic or digital piano instruments. The background of the study is based on our own backgrounds and experiences as students and future piano teachers. Our purpose with the study is to learn what instrument know

Primary forests are species-rich, carbon-storing ecosystems that represent natural landscapes without human intervention. In contrast, traditional European forestry practices often involve monoculture plantations aimed at maximizing timber yields, leading to reduced tree life cycles, and affecting the carbon cycle. Despite accounting for less than 3% of forest land in the European Union, primary f

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product constructed by combining multiple layers of wood lamellae with adhesives. In the serviceability state, structural timber elements, that are light–weight, are more susceptible to complications regarding the vibration level, than heavier structural elements such as concrete. Contemporary standard practice in the building industry, is to use

Föreliggande studie intresserar sig för hur en lärare kan tillvarata och skapa utrymme för elevers personliga drömmar, mål och visioner med att studera på det estetiska programmet inom ramen för ensembleundervisningen. Vidare undersöker studien hur en lärare, med utgångspunkt i elevernas drömmar, mål och visioner kan skapa förutsättningar för elever att känna motivation. Den tidigare forskning somThis study is interested in how a teacher can make use of and create space for students’ personal dreams, goals and visions by studying the aesthetic program within ensemble teaching. Furthermore, the study investigates how a teacher, based on the students’ dreams, goals and visions can create an environment where students can feel motivated. Previous research on the subject covers students’ desir

I studien undersöks i vilken grad och på vilket sätt läroboksuppgifter i fysik, genom sin utformning, främjar gymnasieelevers begreppsförståelse. Begreppsförståelsen definieras som elevernas förmåga att använda kunskapen i nya sammanhang. Studien betonar lärobokens viktiga roll i att forma elevernas förståelse. Uppgifter som främjar begreppsförståelse bör exempelvis vara varierade och knyta an tilTextbook tasks are a critical part of physics education as they build a wide range of skills necessary for mastering the subject. This study evaluates the nature of tasks in three widely used Swedish high school physics textbooks, focusing on whether they enhance conceptual understanding or are primarily aimed at memorization of facts and procedural use of formulas and physical relationships. The

The ocean’s importance for human survival is indisputable. However, humanity's continuous impact on the ocean negatively affects its well-being. While this interrelation is acknowledged, only a few studies research the relationship between the ocean and societies. Thus, this study aimed to explore whether specific concepts and theories are necessary when analysing ocean-society relationships.

Body alignment is a spontaneous response documented in a variety of animals, including songbirds, however the biological significance of this behavior remains elusive for most taxa. Migratory songbirds rely on an endogenous migration program to migrate, and extract navigational information from celestial and magnetic cues. To investigate the body alignment behavior, the resting position of individ

Understanding what influences reproduction within populations is important to assess what changes are happening, especially for species with declining populations. In this study, I focus on a large seabird, the great skua (Stercorarius skua) which have been shown to have declining population trends in most of their breeding range in recent years. Skuas are long-lived species with delayed sexual ma

As society's capacity for data collection increases, the need for automated processing techniques becomes increasingly relevant. One way to evaluate data is to find the subset which does not conform to normal behaviour, i.e., anomalies. If the data is in the form of trajectories in some space, the algorithms used to find these are trajectory anomaly detection algorithms. In this paper, the tra

This thesis investigates buyer preferences in the procurement of Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs) under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement, which facilitates international cooperation through carbon markets. As ITMO markets are still in the early stages of development, uncertainties regarding regulatory frameworks, environmental integrity, and procurement strategies have eme

Nearly all multicellular organisms reproduce sexually, whereas asexual reproduction is predominant in unicellular species. However, it is unclear why we see such a tight co-occurrence between multicellularity and sex. Here, we investigate the effect sexual reproduction has on the evolution of multicellularity in the green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, specifically on the variation and novel ph

Since we as architects have an influence on people‘s everyday routines in their homes, it is important to understand the most natural human needs in order to create spaces for a healthy and joyful life, which are strongly connected to the environment. The human body is a complex organism which is strongly influenced by its immediate surroundings, whilst responding with circadian rhythms to the eve

This thesis examines how girls are portrayed in Swedish adolescent literature from the 1940s and 1950s – Ingen tror på Britt (1947), Den svarta fläcken (1949), Inga och livet (1951), Ingen lugn stund hos Oskarssons (1953) and lastly, Flickan från landet: berättelse för flickor (1954). By taking a new historical approach a historical contextualisation has been done of the works by interpreting hist

The issue of dignity in the context of asylum seekers and their care has been widely discussed from various perspectives. As the rate of asylum-seeking increases, so too does the politics surrounding bare minimum standards. In the process of seeking asylum, individuals are increasingly forced to trade-off access to other rights. This study investigates the normative and human rights gaps in asylum