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BACKGROUND: The rationale for ethnic differences in bladder cancer (BCa) susceptibility is an important open question. In this study, we raised the hypothesis that the APOBEC3-rs1014971 variant associated with BCa risk and APOBEC-mutagenesis probably contribute to ethnic differences. METHODS: We calculated the ethnicity-stratified 5-year age-adjusted incidence rates of BCa using the US SEER databa

BACKGROUND: Circulating adiponectin and leptin have been associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. However, the relationship between long-term exposure to these adipokines in the prediagnostic period with patient survival has not been investigated.METHODS: Adipokine levels were measured in prospectively collected samples from 472 patients with pancreatic cancer. Because of sex-specific difference

BACKGROUND: It is unclear how diabetes and metformin use is associated with survival of esophageal cancer.METHODS: This population-based cohort study included new cases of esophageal cancer reported in Sweden from 2006 to 2018 with follow-up through 2019. Diabetes status and metformin use were analyzed in relation to all-cause and disease-specific mortality using multivariable Cox regression. The

BACKGROUND: The extent to which the risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific breast cancer is associated with ER status of breast cancer and other cancers among first-degree relatives is unclear.METHODS: This population-based cohort included 464 707 cancer-free women in Stockholm, Sweden, during 1978-2019. For ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancers, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) associated w

IMPORTANCE: Breast cancer (BC), the most prevalent cancer among women globally, is a heterogeneous disease, with prognosis differing by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Having a family history of BC increases the risk of BC; however, it is unclear whether family history is associated with the prognosis of overall and ER-specific BC.OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a family history of BC is associated wi

PURPOSE: To assess whether higher plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with improved outcomes in colon cancer and whether circulating inflammatory cytokines mediate such association.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Plasma samples were collected from 1,437 patients with stage III colon cancer enrolled in a phase III randomized clinical trial (CALGB/SWOG 80702) from 2010 to 2015, who were followed

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection may be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, particularly infection by strains without the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) virulence factor. Non-O blood type is a known risk factor for pancreatic cancer, and H. pylori gastric colonization occurs largely from bacterial adhesins binding to blood group antigens on gastric mucosa.METHODS: We included 485 pan

Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) commonly develop symptoms and signs in the 1-2 years before diagnosis that can result in changes to medications. We investigate recent medication changes and PDAC diagnosis in Nurses' Health Study (NHS; females) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; males), including up to 148,973 U.S. participants followed for 2,994,057 person-years

Patients with pancreatic cancer commonly develop weight loss and muscle wasting. Whether adipose tissue and skeletal muscle losses begin before diagnosis and the potential utility of such losses for earlier cancer detection are not well understood. We quantify skeletal muscle and adipose tissue areas from computed tomography (CT) imaging obtained 2 months to 5 years before cancer diagnosis in 714

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Emerging evidence implicates the importance of perinatal and early-life exposures in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, it remains unclear whether being breastfed in infancy is associated with CRC risk in adult life, particularly early adulthood.METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between history of being breastfed and risk of CRC and its precur

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is a precursor of pancreatic cancer. While earlier research has shown a high prevalence of synchronous/metachronous extrapancreatic tumors in IPMN patients, these studies have often been small with retrospective data collection. The aim of the study was to examine absolute and relative risks of non-pancreatic gastr

It is unclear how telomere-binding protein TPP1 interacts with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and influences cervical cancer development and progression. This study included all eligible 156 cervical cancers diagnosed during 2003-2008 and followed up through 2014, 102 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) patients, and 16 participants with normal cervix identified at the same pe

OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage. Liquid biopsy approaches may facilitate detection of early stage PDAC when curative treatments can be employed.DESIGN: To assess circulating marker discrimination in training, testing and validation patient cohorts (total n=426 patients), plasma markers were measured among PDAC cases and patients with ch

One of the most prominent tools to explore sustainable futures are integrated assessment models (IAMs). Although IAMs have analytical strengths, their limitations risk closing-down imaginaries of sustainable futures. Critics therefore argue for a more ‘reflective’ IAM practice, where modellers critically question and reconsider their assumptions and explore futures and their role in climate policy

BACKGROUND: Gene mutations are responsible for a sizeable proportion of cases of heart failure. However, the number of patients with any specific mutation is small. Repositioning of existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved compounds to target specific mutations is a promising approach to efficient identification of new therapies for these patients. METHODS: The National Institutes of Heal

Background: Testicular torsion (TT) is a scrotal emergency that needs urgent detection for successful treatment. Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic value of acute ultrasound and the possibility of more effective detection. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included patients assessed with ultrasound for suspicion of TT between 2019 and 2023. Registration of parameters included symp

Introduction: Malaria remains a persistent challenge in global health, disproportionately affecting populations in endemic regions (eg, sub-Saharan Africa). Despite decades of international collaborative efforts, malaria continues to claim hundreds of thousands of lives each year, with young children and pregnant women enduring the heaviest burden. This concise review aimed to provide an up-to-dat

In what ways could cellular massive MIMO be improved? This technology has already been shown to bring huge performance gains, however, coverage holes and difficulties to transmit multiple streams to multi-antenna users because of insufficient channel rank remain issues. Distributed MIMO, also known as cell-free massive MIMO, might be the ultimate solution. However, while being a powerful technolog