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Over the past century, Syria and the broader Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have undergone profound demographic and economic transformations, yet they remain marked by deep regional, ethnic, and gender-based inequalities. These divisions have shaped development trajectories and contributed to social fragmentation, while successive waves of migration carried these dynamics abroad, from
Previous treatment studies have suggested an antidepressant effect of adjunctive probiotics, but more high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed before clinical implementation. The mechanisms underlying putative antidepressant effects of probiotics are not understood, but one possibility is that they are mediated via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) − neuroactive bacterial metaboli
We employ a qualitative approach to explore whether and how the use of performance measurement systems differs between public and private providers in Swedish and Finnish primary care, from the perspective of primary care centre managers. The two settings are similar in terms of decentralised healthcare systems but differ in terms of organisation of primary care and governance principles for publi
This paper reports on the challenges of handling menstrual waste in informal settlements in Kisumu, Kenya, and the emerging conflicts between reducing the use of these ‘complicated plastics’ and ensuring human health and dignity. To investigate these interconnections, we draw on a survey conducted among sanitation workers conducting manual pit emptying. We then conducted a knowledge co-production
Objectives: This paper analyzes the educational content of the MinSmerte (MyPain) app, designed to educate patients on postoperative pain management after ambulatory surgery. It examines the complexity of instructional videos, investigating how these relate to the legitimacy claims constructed by educators – defined as assertions about the value of the information based on its relevance, authority
Glycosaminoglycans are structurally diverse polysaccharides that play essential roles in cellular signaling, extracellular matrix organization, and disease progression. Despite their biological importance, the mechanisms of GAG biosynthesis remain not fully understood. This thesis aims to advance mechanistic insight into the biosynthetic machinery and to develop chemical tools and inhibitors targe
The cosmogenic radionuclide 36Cl is a valuable tracer for studying Earth system processes, solar variability and geomagnetic field changes. These applications rely on a comprehensive understanding of 36Cl transport and deposition processes, which are still poorly studied. In this study, we apply a state-of-the-art climate model ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3 to investigate the source distribution and deposition
Matrix gamma distributions are among the most important matrix-variate laws in multivariate statistical analysis, as they encompass the Wishart distributions – the sample covariance distributions under Gaussianity – and provide a natural model for random covariances in Bayesian multivariate methods. A substantial body of literature explores this class of distributions, traditionally characterized
A numerical scheme is presented for solving the Helmholtz equation with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions on piecewise smooth open curves, where the curves may have corners and multiple junctions. Existing integral equation methods for smooth open curves rely on analyzing the exact singularities of the density at endpoints for associated integral operators, explicitly extracting these singu
Objective: A diagnosis of childhood cancer is profoundly devastating for families, with well-recognized effects on parental mental health. However, its impact on parental somatic health remains poorly understood, particularly regarding potential long-term cumulative burden. These persistent somatic diseases require frequent clinic visits for ongoing management and adversely affect parents' quality
This thesis explores the role of the architect in the construction process. The project involves designing, projecting, and constructing a 30-square-meter Attefall house in accordance with Swedish building regulations, where the architect assumes full responsibility from concept to completed building. By combining design and construction, the study investigates how the architect’s direct involveme
Bakgrund: Med utgångspunkt i mödrahälsovårdens basprogram avgör barnmorskan vad och hur information ska delges under föräldrautbildningen på barnmorskemottagningen. Barnmorskan ska i sitt arbete tillhandahålla evidensbaserad information för att främja gravida kvinnors möjlighet till delaktighet och informerade val. Det finns idag en trend som talar för frångående av den medikaliserade förlossnings
The fast development of generative artificial intelligence (“AI”) services—such as ChatGPT, Midjourney, Dall-E—have within a short period of time gained immense uptake and popularity. At the same time, such services have given rise to fundamental challenges from a copyright perspective. Court proceedings have been initiated in many jurisdictions on the compatibility of such services with copyright
This study systematically investigates the passivation and dissolution mechanisms of TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution using in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (ECAFM), complemented by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Potentiodynamic polarization initially identified the electrochemical behavior of TC4, delineating passive, dissolv
Antennae, the primary sensory organs of insects, contain numerous sensilla responsible for detecting chemical and physical stimuli essential for host location, communication, and orientation. Although the antennal sensilla of many insect groups—including Gelechiidae—have been well characterized, no such descriptions exist for Anacampsis phytomiella (Busck, 1914), a pest that exclusively infests ca
This study examined the role of a daytime nap in the consolidation and generalization of fear learning. 31 healthy, young adult participants (16 in the wake group and 15 in the sleep group) underwent a fear acquisition procedure in which the conditioned stimulus (CS+), a composite image consisting of a geometrical figure imposed on a background, was repeatedly paired with a mild electric shock. Th
Polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics (PS-MNPs) are emerging environmental pollutants with potential implications for human health. This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of PS particles by using two different sizes of PS-MNPs (0.25 µm and 1 µm) on non-small cell lung cancer (A549, H460), small cell lung cancer (DMS53, H372), and normal lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells as well as on human-deri
