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Sentiment analysis for the masses : how LLMs changed the game

This column presents the evolution of sentiment analysis from a requirements engineering perspective. With large language models, the technology is now accessible to all. From novices to expert users, we discuss suitable ways to get started.

Practical handling of hemolytic, icteric and lipemic samples for coagulation testing in European laboratories. A collaborative survey from the European Organisation for External Quality Assurance Providers in Laboratory Medicine (EQALM)

Objectives: Coagulation test results may be affected by hemolysis, icterus and/or lipemia (HIL). Detailed guidelines for HIL-management are missing, both for manual and automatic HIL-checks. The aim of this survey was to provide an overview of the practical procedures for the detection and handling of HIL-samples used by laboratories in Europe in the context of coagulation testing. Methods: A Surv

Combinations of BMI and metabolic syndrome and the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure

Background and aims: The relationship between uncommon phenotypes, such as metabolically healthy obesity and normal weight with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, remains unclear. We investigated how different combinations of body mass index (BMI) and MetS are associated with overall and specific CVDs and how the number of MetS components influences CVD risk in indiv

Abuse in children and youth with disabilities in the Northwest region of Cameroon : a qualitative study on causes and contributing factors

Purpose: Children and youth with disabilities are at increased risk of abuse a major societal and public health problem in Cameroon. The aim was to explore the causes of abuse among children and youth with disabilities in homes and institutions in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted, including 50 in-depth interviews with children and youth with disabilities

On Reconstruction of Cortical Functional Maps Using Subject-Specific Geometric and Connectome Eigenmodes

Understanding the interplay between human brain structure and function is crucial to discern neural dynamics. This study explores the relation between brain structure and macroscale functional activity using subject-specific structural connectome eigenmodes, complementing prior work that focused on group-level models and geometry. Leveraging data from the Human Connectome Project, we assess accura

Leading-colour-based unweighted event generation for multi-parton tree-level processes

In this work, we revisit unweighted event generation for multi-parton tree-level processes in massless QCD. We introduce a two-step approach, in which initially unweighted events are generated at leading-colour (LC) accuracy, followed by a reweighting of these events to full-colour (FC) accuracy and applying an additional unweighting cycle. This method leverages the simple structure of LC integran

Association of Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic Genetic Variants for Cardiomyopathies With Clinical Outcomes : A Multiancestry Analysis in the All of Us Research Program

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic cardiomyopathy variant carriers in a multiancestry US population and examine the risk of adverse clinical outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included multiancestry US adults aged ≥18 years with sequencing data from the All of Us Research Program. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in cardiomy

Single Fusion Pore Analysis via Single Cell Amperometry Uncovers Impaired Pore Expansion That Restricts Insulin Exocytosis in Human Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin secretion from vesicles within pancreatic beta cells occurs through the rapid (≤10 ms) process of exocytosis. A crucial final step in this process is the formation of a fusion pore, which connects the insulin vesicle interior to the extracellular space and insulin secretion rate. We employed real-time single-cell amperometry (SCA) with microsensors to quantitatively and dynamically monitor

Effects of parental autoimmune diseases on type 1 diabetes in offspring can be partially explained by HLA and non-HLA polymorphisms

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other autoimmune diseases (AIDs) often co-occur in families. Leveraging data from 58,284 family trios in Finnish nationwide registers (FinRegistry), we identified that, of 50 parental AIDs examined, 15 were associated with an increased T1D risk in offspring. These identified epidemiological associations were further assessed in 470,000 genotyped Finns from the FinnGen stu

Modifiable risk factors for peritoneal dialysis-related infections - a population-based cohort study on risk factors and outcomes in South Sweden

BACKGROUND: The risk of infection-related death is high in patients undergoing dialysis. This study aimed to identify the modifiable risk factors for PD-related infections in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.METHODS: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study conducted in Skåne, South Sweden, which included all patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) between 2011 and 2020. T

The relationship between physical activity, orthostatic blood pressure reactions and subclinical atherosclerosis : the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)

An abnormal blood pressure (BP) response on standing is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of physical activity (PA) on orthostatic BP-reactions and its relation to subclinical atherosclerosis is unclear. We aimed to assess the association between PA and orthostatic BP-reactions, and whether PA modifies the relationship between orthostatic BP-reactions and subcl

Like moths to a flame : an individual level approach to technological change in 20th century Sweden

This thesis analyzes the effects of technological change using the case ofelectrification in 20th-century Sweden. It begins with a systematic literaturereview that identifies gaps in the quantitative research on historical jobdisplacement before 1980. In Sweden, electrification enhanced labor andreduced income inequality. Analysis of 1930 census data shows that earlyelectricity access raised incom

Statistical Aspects of Group Dynamics : Multilevel Methods for Emergent Processes in Teams

Teams are dynamic systems that develop, adapt, and change as members interact and respond to their environments. Theory in organizational research emphasizes that team phenomena are multilevel, temporal, and often nonlinear. Yet, the statistical methods commonly used to study teams have lagged behind these theoretical advances, limiting empirical progress. This dissertation addresses this methodol

Regional deep atrophy : Using temporal information to automatically identify regions associated with Alzheimer’s disease progression from longitudinal MRI

Longitudinal assessment of brain atrophy, particularly in the hippocampus, is a well-studied biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Estimating brain progression patterns can be applied to understanding the therapeutic effects of amyloid-clearing drugs in research and detecting the earliest sign of accelerated atrophy in clinical settings. However, most state-of

Left-Right model with radiative double seesaw mechanism

We propose an extended Left-Right symmetric model with an additional global U(1)X symmetry, which collapses to a residual subgroup ℤ2 after spontaneous symmetry breaking. In this model, the light active neutrino masses are generated via a double seesaw mechanism with the Dirac submatrix arising at one loop. In addition, the masses of the charged fermions of the Standard Model (SM) that are lighter

Smoking and Coronary Atherosclerosis : Disproportionate Impact on the Right Coronary Artery

Background: We aimed to study the long-term effect of smoking on coronary atherosclerosis progression at the segmental level. Methods: Angiographic data (1989-2017) on current, former, and nonsmokers were collected from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry. The Western Denmark Heart Registry was used to validate the results. Patients with clinically indicated angiography with