Magnetism and Hund's rule in an optical lattice with cold fermions
We demonstrate that a two-dimensional (2D) optical lattice loaded with repulsive, contact-interacting fermions shows a rich and systematic magnetic phase diagram. Trapping a few (N <= 12) fermions in each of the single-site minima of the optical lattice, we find that the shell structure in these quantum wells determines the magnetism. In a shallow lattice, the tunnelling between the single wells i
