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Plasma-derived proteins in airway defence, disease and repair of epithelial injury

One significant characteristic of the airway mucosa in vivo, that cannot easily be mimicked in vitro, is its microcirculation, which generates a highly dynamic, biologically active milieu of plasma-derived molecules that may pass to the airway lumen in vivo. New data on the mechanisms of airway mucosal exudation indicate that the protein systems of circulating plasma may contribute significantly t

Female mice are more susceptible to developing inflammatory disorders due to impaired transforming growth factor beta signaling in salivary glands

Objective. Transforming growth factor 13 (TGF)3) plays a key role in the onset and resolution of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to delineate the precise function of TGF beta signaling in salivary gland inflammation. Methods. We impaired TGF beta signaling in mouse salivary glands by conditionally inactivating expression of TGF beta receptor type I (TGF beta

Thermoreversible gels of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose cross-linked by amylose

Aqueous mixtures of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC) or unmodified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), with amylose (AM) or potato amylopectin (PAP), have been investigated by rheology, turbidity, and H-1 NMR measurements. It is concluded that the AM molecules cross-link HMHEC chains by forming helical inclusion complexes with the hydrophobic side chains of HMHEC, leading to therm

Compound developmental eye disorders following inactivation of TGFbeta signaling in neural-crest stem cells

BACKGROUND: Development of the eye depends partly on the periocular mesenchyme derived from the neural crest (NC), but the fate of NC cells in mammalian eye development and the signals coordinating the formation of ocular structures are poorly understood. RESULTS: Here we reveal distinct NC contributions to both anterior and posterior mesenchymal eye structures and show that TGFbeta signaling in t

Characterization of high-order harmonic radiation on femtosecond and attosecond time scales

We characterize the temporal structure of high-order harmonic radiation on both the femtosecond and attosecond time scales. The harmonic emission is characterized by mixed-color two-photon ionization with an infrared femtosecond laser using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer where both pump and probe arms travel completely separate paths. In a first experiment, we measure the duration and chirp of indi

From gene expression analysis to tissue microarrays - A rational approach to identify therapeutic and diagnostic targets in lymphoid malignancies

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive lymphoid malignancy for which better treatment strategies are needed. To identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets, a signature consisting of MCL-associated genes was selected based on a comprehensive gene expression analysis of malignant and normal B cells. The corresponding protein epitope signature tags were identified and used to raise mo

Nuclear microscopy: A tool for and percutaneous absorption imaging elemental distribution in vivo

Nuclear microscopy is a technique based on a focused beam of accelerated particles that has the ability of imaging the morphology of the tissue in vivo and of producing the correspondent elemental maps, whether in major, minor, or trace concentrations. These characteristics constitute a strong advantage in studying the morphology of human skin, its elemental distributions and the permeation mechan

Socio-economic status and lung cancer risk including histologic subtyping-A longitudinal study.

We investigated prospectively the risk of lung cancer in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) in 22387 middle-aged individuals who attended a screening program in the city of Malmo, Sweden between 1974 and 1992. We also examined the relationship between SES and histologic subtype in smokers. By 2003, a total of 550 lung cancer cases had been identified. Relative risks (RR) were calculated with a

Structural insights into the active-ready form of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase and mechanistic details of its inhibition by carbon monoxide

[FeFe]-Hydrogenases harbor a {2Fe3S} assembly bearing two CO and two CN- groups, a mu-CO ligand, and a vacant coordination site trans to the mu-CO group. Recent theoretical results obtained studying the isolated {2Fe3S} subsite indicated that one of the CN- ligands can easily move from the crystallographic position to the coordination site trans to the mu-CO group; such an isomerization would have

Modeling and correlating the permeability of pulp and paper

A sheet of paper is modelled as a network of cellulose fibres, either cylindrical or band-shaped. The equations for creeping flow through such structures are solved, and the calculated permeabilities are compared with measured values. Flow through some paper structures such as pulp sheets and handsheets of unbeaten sulphate pulp is adequately described by the structural model involving band-shaped

Large eddy simulation of flow in stirred vessels

Large eddy simulations (LES) of the flow in stirred tanks were performed. One of the advantages with LES is that it can provide details of the flow field that cannot be obtained with so-called Reynolds averaged equations and the corresponding models. Simulations were done on both single and multi-impeller systems. Both Rushton and curved-blade radial impellers were studied in both a fixed and a ro

Inverse relationship between GAD65 antibody levels and severe retinopathy in younger type 1 diabetic patients

Several risk factors for severe non-proliferative and proliferative retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus have been proposed without explaining the rapid progression of retinopathy in some patients. Since GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65Abs) are detected against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), which is mainly expressed in islets and nervous tissue in type 1 diabetic patients, the aim of the presen

D-erythro-N,N-dimethylsphingosine inhibits bFGF-induced proliferation of cerebral, aortic and coronary smooth muscle cells.

The role of sphingosine kinase (SphK) on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation of cerebral, aortic and coronary smooth muscle cells (SMC) was addressed using D-erythro-N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS), an inhibitor of SphK which blocks conversion of sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). DMS concentration-dependently reduced the bFGF-induced proliferation of rat cerebral

Amniotic fluid levels of S100B protein in normal and trisomy-21 foetuses

Background: The human chromosome 21 has been shown to contain the gene for the subunit of the S100B protein. The present case-control study was aimed at investigating whether overproduction of S100B protein is detectable in the amniotic fluid of foetuses with trisomy-21. Methods: Measurements of S 10013 in amniotic fluid samples from 14 pregnant women with trisomy-21 foetuses were compared with th

A Monte Carlo investigation of dual-energy-window scatter correction for volume-of-interest quantification in 99Tcm SPECT

Using Monte Carlo simulation of 99Tcm single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT), we investigate the effects of tissue-background activity, tumour location, patient size, uncertainty of energy windows, and definition of tumour region on the accuracy of quantification. The dual-energy-window method of correction for Compton scattering is employed and the multiplier which yields correct acti