We describe a state recovery attack on the X-FCSR family of stream ciphers. In this attack we analyse each block of output keystream and try to solve for the state. The solver will succeed when a number of state conditions are satisfied. For X-FCSR-256, our best attack has a computational complexity of only 2^{4.7} table lookups per block of keystream, with an expected 2^{44.3} such blocks before

The electronic structure and fragmentation of the hydrofluorocarbon compound 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CF3-CH2F) were studied using spectroscopical methods and quantum chemical calculations. Valence photoelectron spectra and the ionic fragmentation products were recorded with synchrotron radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region. The geometric and electronic structures of the CF3-CH2F mole

Socioeconomic shocks can shape future land-use trajectories. Armed conflicts are an extreme form of a socioeconomic shock, but our understanding of how armed conflicts affect land-use change is limited. Our goal was to assess land-use changes related to the 1991–1994 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan in the Caucasus region. We classified multi-temporal Landsat imagery, mappe

A challenging task in ornithology lies in identifying high-altitude nocturnal migrating bird species and genders. While the current approaches including radar, lunar obscuration, and single-band thermal imaging provide means of detection, a more detailed spectral or polarimetric analysis of light has the potential for retrieval of additional information whereby the species and sex could be determi

Several dendritic zinc(II)-porphyrins bearing carbazole units at the terminals have been prepared through click reaction of azide-substituted Zn-porphyrin precursors and carbazole-based alkynes under [Cu(NCCH3)(4)][PF6] catalysis. This family of new dendritic metalloporphyrins shows dual luminescence from both the upper S-2 and the lowest S-1 singlet states. The observed trends in the spectroscopi

Aim: The prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence (UI) increase with age and comorbidity. The benefits of pharmacotherapy for UI in the elderly are questionable. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy of pharmacological treatment for UI in the elderly and frail elderly. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library and Cinahl databases through October

Background & Aims: RNA interference (RNAi) may offer new treatment options for chronic hepatitis B. Replicating via an RNA intermediate, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known to be principally vulnerable to RNAi. However, beyond delivery, the relevant issues of potential off-target effects, target site conservation in circulating HBV strains, and efficacy of RNAi itself have not systematically been

GLASDAM S, HENRIKSEN N, KJaeR L and PRAESTEGAARD J. Nursing Inquiry 2012 [Epub ahead of print] Client involvement in home care practice: a relational sociological perspective 'Client involvement' has been a mantra within health policies, education curricula and healthcare institutions over many years, yet very little is known about how 'client involvement' is practised in home-care services. The a

The term ‘precarity’ has become increasingly popular as a way to capture the material and psychological vulnerability resulting from neoliberal economic reforms. This article demonstrates that such precarity is incompatible with democracy. More specifically, it makes two arguments. First, and inspired by Montesquieu’s analysis of ‘the principles’, or public commitments behind different forms of go

This is the first record for the parasitoid association between eulophids and conopids in the carpenter bee Xylocopa augusti Lepeletier. Biological features of Physocephala Schiner are mentioned. A diagnosis for Pediobius williamsoni (Girault) is given and morphological characters are illustrated.

Ebola virus (EBOV) belongs to the group of nonsegmented negative-sense RNA viruses. The seven EBOV genes are separated by variable gene borders, including short (4- or 5-nucleotide) intergenic regions (IRs), a single long (144-nucleotide) IR, and gene overlaps, where the neighboring gene end and start signals share five conserved nucleotides. The unique structure of the gene overlaps and the prese

Objective: We investigated the association between the proportion of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in plasma phospholipids from blood samples drawn at enrollment and subsequent change in body weight. Sex, age, and BMI were considered as potential effect modifiers. Method: A total of 1,998 women and men participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutr

Protein-peptide interactions are a common occurrence and essential for numerous cellular processes, and frequently explored in broad applications within biology, medicine, and proteomics. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism(s) of protein-peptide recognition, specificity, and binding interactions will be essential. In this study, we report the first detailed analysis of antibody-peptid

Volcanic eruptions contribute to climate variability, but quantifying these contributions has been limited by inconsistencies in the timing of atmospheric volcanic aerosol loading determined from ice cores and subsequent cooling from climate proxies such as tree rings. Here we resolve these inconsistencies and show that large eruptions in the tropics and high latitudes were primary drivers of inte

An amperometric enzyme biosensor for continuous detection of cellobiose has been implemented as an enzyme assay for cellulases. We show that the initial kinetics for cellobiohydrolase I, Cel7A from Trichoderma reesei, acting on different types of cellulose substrates, semi-crystalline and amorphous, can be monitored directly and in real-time by an enzyme-modified electrode based on cellobiose dehy

To evaluate the use of activated protein C-protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI) complex levels for detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease (PAD). APC-PCI levels and aortic diameter evaluated in 511 PAD patients without previously known AAA followed-up concerning survival for 4.8(0.5) years. AAA was found in 13 % of patients. Aortic diameter correla

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between smoking and chronic pain among people aged 65+ years. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SAMPLE: The study was carried out in 2011 and included a randomly selected (N = 2000, response rate 57%) sample of people aged 65 years and older, living in Sweden. MEASUREMENT: A postal questionnaire with questions about demographic data, living conditions, tobacco u

Chlorophyllide a is a metabolite late in the biosynthesis of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. Isolation procedures for chlorophyllide a from Rhodobacter capsulatus CB1200 and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are described and compared. R. capsulatus CB1200 is a double mutant in the bacteriochlorophyllide a biosynthetic pathway, and chlorophyllide a is excreted by the cells when grown in Tween 80-