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Skeletal growth and effects of physical activity during adolescence

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate bone mass and bone size in girls and boys from age 12 to 16, with special attention to physical activity. We also wanted to retrospectively evaluate the effect of exercise for the years preceding age 12. The findings were as follows. Sixteen year old adolescents in a rural area had higher areal bone mineral density in the total body and the spine compared wit

The different roles of crayfish in benthic food webs

I show that crayfish consume detritus, algae, macrophytes, and an array of invertebrates. Crayfish were found to reduce invertebrate densities. However, prey mobility seemed to be a key factor regulating the strength of interactions between crayfish and prey. Since crayfish seek to maximize growth, they benefit from feeding on invertebrates, shown to promote high growth rates. I found crayfish to

Insulin Polymorphism Crystallographic Characterization of Insulin Microcrystals

Insulin is a protein needed for the uptake of glucose from the circulating blood. In absence of sufficiently high insulin levels in the body or when the cells have a reduced sensitivity for insulin a disease state referred to as diabetes occurs. Treatment of diabetes generally requires daily injections of exogenous insulin. Many of the pharmaceutical formulations consist of insulin in a crystallin

Multi-Channel Acquisition and Visualization of the Dolphin Echolocation Beam – Instrumentation Design and Bioacoustic Results

Toothed whales (Odontocetes) use echolocation to navigate and find food in dark or murky waters. A wide range of innovative studies has since the 1960:s been used to characterize their echolocation beam and map out their echolocation skills. In order to render high quality recordings of the sounds emitted by these animals, advanced measurement systems are required. There are still interesting env

Remember the small giants - Occupational exposure and characterization of aerosol particles

BACKGROUND: Exposure to airborne particles in occupational environments can lead to both acute and long-term health effects in humans. To date, particle exposure limits in the air are typically given in terms of mass concentrations. But by only using mass concentration to characterize particles means there is a risk that other relevant characteristics, such as particle size and composition are con

Children As Eyewitnesses : Memory recall and face recognition

Through centuries, witnesses to crimes have played an important role for the police to get a conviction of the culprit. This dissertation examined how accurate children are as witnesses of events and when participating in lineups. In Study 1, participants were tested with free recall and focussed questions. Children aged 8-9 years, 11-12 years and adults in two experiments witnessed film events

Single-Cell Sequencing of Human Pancreatic Islets—New Kids on the Block

RNA sequencing of human pancreatic islets has provided important insights into the islet transcriptome but little information on the specific cells. In this issue, Segerstolpe et al. (2016) and Xin et al. (2016b) report on the transcriptome of single pancreatic cells from non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic donors.

Children's participation in decision-making in health care

The main purpose was to investigate children's participation in the decision-making processes in health care. Twenty-four children (0-18 år)admitted to hospital, their parents, and the staff present were observed during totally 135 hours in order to (i) identify the children's needs, (ii) their participation in the decision-making processes, and (iii) their parents' participation. Twenty-six child

From Cue to Recall : The Temporal Dynamics of Long-Term Memory Retrieval

A fundamental function of long-term memory is the ability to retrieve a specific memory when encountering a retrieval cue. The purpose of this dissertation was to further our understanding of such cued recall by investigating the temporal dynamics from the presentation of the retrieval cue until the target memory is recalled. Retrieval cues are often related with several memories. When such a retr

A Proteomic Dissection of Breast Cancer - Via Cells and Organelles to Pathways

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide. Breast tumours are extremely heterogeneous, and each patient’s disease has different causes, prognosis and appropriate treatments associated with it. To enable a more individualised therapy, there is a substantial need for better characterisation of tumours and a deeper understanding o