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This paper gives an overview of the current state-of-the-art of modelling chloride ingress and focuses on identified uncertainties and inaccuracies in the common way of applying the widely used empirical models. Examples are given in order to quantify the inaccuracies. It is also pointed out that inherent model uncertainties are likely to be of great importance due to lack of homogeneity in the da
Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia is a rare inherited disorder, characterized by extremely high total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, that has been previously linked to mutations in LDLRAP1. We identified a family with autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia not explained by mutations in LDLRAP1 or other genes known to cause monogenic hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this s
The chromium dimer has long been a benchmark molecule to evaluate the performance of different computational methods ranging from density functional theory to wave function methods. Among the latter, multiconfigurational perturbation theory was shown to be able to reproduce the potential energy surface of the chromium dimer accurately. However, for modest active space sizes, it was later shown tha
The wake of a freely flying common swift (Apus apus L.) is examined in a wind tunnel at three different flight speeds, 5.7, 7.7 and 9.9 m s(-1). The wake of the bird is visualized using high-speed stereo digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). Wake images are recorded in the transverse plane, perpendicular to the airflow. The wake of a swift has been studied previously using DPIV and recording
The circadian clock measures time across a 24h period, increasing fitness by phasing biological processes to the most appropriate time of day. The interlocking feedback loop mechanism of the clock is conserved across species; however, the number of loops varies. Mathematical and computational analyses have suggested that loop complexity affects the overall flexibility of the oscillator, including
Background and purpose External fixation pins tend to loosen with time, especially from cancellous bone. A coating that releases a bisphosphonate has been shown to improve the fixation of dental implants in humans. We now tested a bisphosphonate coating on steel pins for external fixation. The primary hypothesis was that coated pins would be better fixed in the diaphysis. Methods 20 patients with
Dietary antioxidants play an important role in preventing oxidative stress. Whether animals in search of food or brood sites are able to judge the antioxidant content, and if so actively seek out resources with enriched antioxidant content, remains unclear.
The background of this study is a project aiming at assessing the quality of teaching and learning in scientific computing in different cultural settings. This, we hope will lead us to constructing standards, which can provide outcomes of comparable quality in scientific computing in different countries and societies. Specifically we want to gain insight which quality benchmarks are suitable for t
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) sequence length variants with varying aggregation propensity coexist in vivo, where coaggregation and cross-catalysis phenomena may affect the aggregation process. Until recently, naturally occurring amyloid β-protein (Aβ) variants were believed to begin at or after the canonical β-secretase cleavage site within the amyloid β-protein precursor. However, N-terminally extended
Gene fusions are neoplasia-associated mutations arising from structural chromosomal rearrangements. They have a strong impact on tumor development and constitute important diagnostic markers. Malignant soft tissue tumors (sarcomas) constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with >50 distinct subtypes, each of which is rare. In addition, there is considerable morphologic overlap between sarcomas
Streptomyces cells grow by building cell wall at one pole-the hyphal tip. Although analogous to hyphal growth in fungi, this is achieved in a prokaryote, without any of the well-known eukaryotic cell polarity proteins, and it is also unique among bacterial cases of cell polarity. Further, polar growth of Streptomyces and the related mycobacteria and corynebacteria is independent of the MreB cytosk
The protecting group tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-yl has been investigated for simultaneous protection of two hydroxyls on pentopyranosides. Methyl α-d-xylopyranoside is protected in excellent regioselectivity and high yield to form the 2,3-protected xylopyranoside whereas methyl β-d-xylopyranoside gives the 3,4-protected product also with excellent regioselectivity.
By a theorem of Volkov [12] we know that on most graphs with positive probability the linearly vertex-reinforced random walk (VRRW) stays within a finite “trapping” subgraph at all large times. The question of whether this tail behavior occurs with probability one is open in general. In his thesis, Pemantle [5] proved, via a dynamical system approach, that for a VRRW on any complete graph the asym
