Enligt författarnas mångåriga erfarenhet från kustprojekt runt om i Sverige föreligger ett stort behov av en förbättrad terminologi på svenska vad gäller ingenjörsmässiga frågeställningar och planering av kustområden.Föreliggande artikel presenterar således en engelsk-svensk ordlista, inklusive förklarande kommentarer, med syfte att klargöra en lång rad ord och uttryck. Denna finns också att tillg

Den kände astronomen Tycho Brahe initierade meteorologiska observationer på ön Ven som noterades i endagbok, nästan oavbrutet från oktober 1582 till april 1597. Fastän observationerna huvudsakligen är kvalitativapå grund av dåtida brist på instrument och metoder kan en stor mängd användbar information erhållas fråndagboken beträffande molntäcke, nederbörd, vindhastighet och riktning, temperaturför

Ystads kommun arbetar med en fördjupning av översiktsplanen för staden Ystad med omnejd. Ystads havsnära läge gör att klimatförändringen kommer att innebära stora utmaningar. Stigande havsnivåer väntas leda till ökade erosions- och översvämningsrisker i kustnära områden. Samtidigt är efterfrågan på havsnära boende stor och kommunen planerar att bygga ut staden mot havet. Författarna har utrett kli

OBJECTIVES: We used findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 to report the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).METHODS: The burden of musculoskeletal disorders was calculated for the EMR's 22 countries between 1990 and 2013. A systematic analysis was performed on mortality and morbidity data to estimate prevalence, death, years of live lost, y

The Bridge is a television drama that is suggestive of the significance of place in understanding international formats. The specificity of place is built into the storytelling, as the format is located in the geo-cultural politics of border territories in three versions of the drama series set between Sweden and Denmark, Britain and France, and USA and Mexico (Filmlance International and Shine Gr

The bromide anation of tr-PtCl4BrH2O− has been studied at 25 °C and the chloride anations of tr-PtCl4BrH2O− and PtBr5H2O− at 50 °C. These reactions proceed via halide assisted mechanisms, compatible with the experimental rate laws determined. The bromide anation of tr-PtBr4CIH2O− studied at 50 °C gives PtBr5Cl2− via a bromide assisted path and PtBr62− via an REOA-path. The observed rate law is detThe bromide anation of tr-PtCl4BrH2O− has been studied at 25 °C and the chloride anations of tr-PtCl4BrH2O− and PtBr5H2O− at 50 °C. These reactions proceed via halide assisted mechanisms, compatible with the experimental rate laws determined. The bromide anation of tr-PtBr4CIH2O− studied at 50 °C gives PtBr5Cl2− via a bromide assisted path and PtBr62− via an REOA-path. The observed rate law is det

Bromide anations of PtBr5H2O− in the presence of PtBr42− or bromine, of trans-PtBr4(H2O)2 in the presence of PtBr42− and of cis-PtBr4(H2O)2 in the presence of bromine have been studied in 0.50 M perchloric acid medium at 25 °C.The rate law for the bromide anation of PtBr5H2O−indicates two parallel reaction paths. The term k′Br−2 corresponds to a bromide assisted mechanism. The second term in the rBromide anations of PtBr5H2O− in the presence of PtBr42− or bromine, of trans-PtBr4(H2O)2 in the presence of PtBr42− and of cis-PtBr4(H2O)2 in the presence of bromine have been studied in 0.50 M perchloric acid medium at 25 °C. The rate law for the bromide anation of PtBr5H2O−indicates two parallel reaction paths. The term k′Br−2 corresponds to a bromide assisted mechanism. The second term in the

Dilute solutions of the square-planar tetra-aqua complex pt(H2O)42+ have been prepared in a 1.00 M perchloric acid medium by addition of excess silver(I) perchlorate to potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II), equilibration at 70°C, filtration of the silver chloride precipitate, and subsequent separation of the excess silver from the solution by electrolysis. The complex has also been prepared by additDilute solutions of the square-planar tetra-aqua complex pt(H2O)42+ have been prepared in a 1.00 M perchloric acid medium by addition of excess silver(I) perchlorate to potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II), equilibration at 70°C, filtration of the silver chloride precipitate, and subsequent separation of the excess silver from the solution by electrolysis. The complex has also been prepared by addit

The oxidative addition of iodine to Pt(CN)42− is first-order with respect to iodide, iodine and complex. The reverse reductive elimination of iodide from trans-Pt(CN)4I22- is first-order with respect to iodide and Pt(CN)4I22−. The kinetics for the reaction between bromide and trans-Pt(CN)4ClH2O2− involves a rate-determining reductive elimination of chloride, followed by a rapid oxidative addition The oxidative addition of iodine to Pt(CN)42− is first-order with respect to iodide, iodine and complex. The reverse reductive elimination of iodide from trans-Pt(CN)4I22- is first-order with respect to iodide and Pt(CN)4I22−. The kinetics for the reaction between bromide and trans-Pt(CN)4ClH2O2− involves a rate-determining reductive elimination of chloride, followed by a rapid oxidative addition

Chloride anations of PtCl5H2O−, trans-PtCl4(H2O)2 and trans-Pt(CN)4ClH2O− in the presence of PtCl42− have been studied at 50°C in 1.00M perchloric acid medium. It is shown that PtCl5H2O− is formed as the primary reaction product in the two last-mentioned anations. This is not compatible with the generally used mechanism for platinum(II)-catalyzed platinum (IV) substitutions, which gives PtCl62− asChloride anations of PtCl5H2O−, trans-PtCl4(H2O)2 and trans-Pt(CN)4ClH2O− in the presence of PtCl42− have been studied at 50°C in 1.00M perchloric acid medium. It is shown that PtCl5H2O− is formed as the primary reaction product in the two last-mentioned anations. This is not compatible with the generally used mechanism for platinum(II)-catalyzed platinum (IV) substitutions, which gives PtCl62− as

Chloride and bromide anations of PdX(H2O)3+, cis-PdX2(H2O)2 and trans-PdX2(H2O)2, acid hydrolyses of PdX3H2O−, cis-PdX2(H2O)2 and trans-PcX2(H2O)2, X = Cl, Br, have been studied at different temperatures by means of a stopped-flow technique. Rate constants and activation parameters are given. The palladium complexes react about 5×104 to 5×105 times faster than the analogous platinum(II) complexes.Chloride and bromide anations of PdX(H2O)3+, cis-PdX2(H2O)2 and trans-PdX2(H2O)2, acid hydrolyses of PdX3H2O−, cis-PdX2(H2O)2 and trans-PcX2(H2O)2, X = Cl, Br, have been studied at different temperatures by means of a stopped-flow technique. Rate constants and activation parameters are given. The palladium complexes react about 5×104 to 5×105 times faster than the analogous platinum(II) complexes.

The rate constants for the chloride and bromide anations of Pd(H2O)42+, the chloride anations of PdCl3H2O−, the bromide anation of PdBr3H2O− and the acid hydrolysis of PdCl(H2O)3+, PdBr(H2O)3+, PdCl42−, and PdBr42− have been determined at 15, 25 and 35 °C using a stopped-flow technique. The ionic strength was 1.00 M and the supporting electrolyte perchloric acid. The obtained rate constants and thThe rate constants for the chloride and bromide anations of Pd(H2O)42+, the chloride anations of PdCl3H2O−, the bromide anation of PdBr3H2O− and the acid hydrolysis of PdCl(H2O)3+, PdBr(H2O)3+, PdCl42−, and PdBr42− have been determined at 15, 25 and 35 °C using a stopped-flow technique. The ionic strength was 1.00 M and the supporting electrolyte perchloric acid. The obtained rate constants and th

Stability constants, βn, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, for the chloro and bromo complexes of palladium(II) have been calculated, using a least squares programme, from spectrophotometric measurements at 222, 234.5 and 279 nm (chloride) and at 247, 265, and 332 nm (bromide). The following values of lg(βn/M−n) were obtained: 4.47±0.01, 7.76±0.04, 10.17±0.07, and 11.54±0.09 (chloride) and 5.17±0.02, 9.42±0.04, 12.7Stability constants, βn, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, for the chloro and bromo complexes of palladium(II) have been calculated, using a least squares programme, from spectrophotometric measurements at 222, 234.5 and 279 nm (chloride) and at 247, 265, and 332 nm (bromide). The following values of lg(βn/M−n) were obtained: 4.47±0.01, 7.76±0.04, 10.17±0.07, and 11.54±0.09 (chloride) and 5.17±0.02, 9.42±0.04, 12.7

The stepwise stabililty constants, Kn for the bromo aqua complexes PtBrn−1(H2O)7−n5−n; n=4, 5, 6, formed in the successive acid hydrolyses of PtBr62−, have been determined to be K6=(.19±0.1) x 103 M−1, K5= (1.0±0.2) x 104 M−1 and K4=(1.1±0.2) x 105 M−1. A bromide assisted mechanism is proposed for the bromide anations of PtBr4(H2O)2 and PtBr5H2O-. Both these reactions are found to be first order wThe stepwise stabililty constants, Kn for the bromo aqua complexes PtBrn−1(H2O)7−n5−n; n=4, 5, 6, formed in the successive acid hydrolyses of PtBr62−, have been determined to be K6=(.19±0.1) x 103 M−1, K5= (1.0±0.2) x 104 M−1 and K4=(1.1±0.2) x 105 M−1. A bromide assisted mechanism is proposed for the bromide anations of PtBr4(H2O)2 and PtBr5H2O-. Both these reactions are found to be first order w