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The relation between the descriptive and substantive representation has since its beginning been thought to be of the correlated kind, that having the former would also implicate having the latter - at least to some extent. What research has shown us is that the nature of the relation is not as straightforward as we once thought. Former studies on the subject has come to contrarious conclusions, p

Every year children are born with variations of sex characteristics that do not fit in the typical definitions for female or male bodies. Because of sex assignment procedures, intersex children are investigated, diagnosed and in many cases “treated” with surgical and hormonal interventions, sometimes irreversible and given without the individual’s consent. These procedures pinpoints the ambivalent

Frågan om vad som utgör barnets bästa är ständigt föremål för diskussion. Den här uppsatsen tar sikte på att förklara kontinuitetsprincipen i teori respektive praktik. Praktik i denna uppsats mening avser hur tingsrätter runt om i landet har tillämpat principen i vårdnadstvister. Uppsatsens första del ger den grundläggande rättsliga förståelsen för begrepp som vårdnad, kontinuitetsprincipen och baThe child’s best interest is always a topic of discussion. In Swedish family law, the principle of continuity is an aspect to be considered in the determination of the child’s best interest. This thesis aims at explaining the principle of continuity in theory and in practice. Practice in this thesis refers to how district courts in Sweden have been applying the principle of continuity in custody d

The southernmost Swedish region of Scania, the Danish capital region and the Danish region of Zealand are combined into the metropolitan region of Greater Copenhagen, sometimes referred to as the Öresund region. The regional integration is following the global trend of projectification, which means that the integration is increasingly done in project form. By studying the EU cohesion programme in

The European Union initiated the Permanent Structural Cooperation (PESCO) in december 2017, which is a security and defence strategy based on the Treaty on European Union, in which 25 of the 28 union member-states participate in. It is a step towards deeper European integration for the EU-countries, which aims to bring together the national armed forces as a united power. The president of the Euro

The modern western politics of environment and climate change presents the critical analysist with a number of intresting contradictions between economic, social and ecological agendas. In this study the Swedish government’s policy for sustainable consumption has been analyzed through the lens of governmentality and critical environmental theory. The study has found that consumption is primarily u

The purpose of this essay is to examine the ideas that are prominent in the Swedish disability policy regarding the stated goal of equal participation in society for all. In order to achieve this, I have chosen to focus on two documents, they are SOU 1982:46 Handlingsprogram i handikappfrågor and Prop. 2016/17:188 Nationellt mål och inriktning för funktionshinderspolitiken. I have examined these t

This study will aim to test two different theories on the subject of interest groups and their political work, against a case of a large Swedish interest group. The aim is to see if these two theories are applicable on this case, and if so, they can help to better understand the subject of interest groups and political influence. The first theory of the study is a bit more evolved and gives room f

This is a paper about the Science Based Targets Initiative and how the initiative creates and maintain it’s legitimacy and authority. The initiative was creates as a result of the Paris Agreement. Science Based Targets is an example of climate change governance and how companies works throw private regulations. To answer my question ”How does the Science Based Targets Initiative creates and mainta

Climate-induced migration has received an increased amount of attention as an area of research. Earlier studies identify ideal typical discourses of climate-induced migration, in which climates migrants have been positioned as a ‘threat’, as ‘passive victims’ and most recently as ‘adaptable agent’. Drawing on poststructural discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe and postcolonial theory this essay h

Den 3 juli 2016 trädde Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning (EU) nr 596/2015 av den 16 april 2014 om marknadsmissbruk, marknadsmissbruksförordningen (MAR), i kraft. MAR har mötts av en del kritik i form av att den påståtts vara svårtolkad och medför omfattande administrativa krav för emittenter vars värdepapper är upptagna till handel för allmänheten. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda deOn 3 July 2016, Regulation (EU) No 596/2015 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on market abuse, market abuse regulation (MAR), entered into force. MAR has been criticized due to its allegedly vague provisions and for straining issuers with extensive administration in order for them to comply with the regulation. This essay aims to investigate the definition of inside

I början av 1800-talet fanns det ingen lagstadgad rätt för mannen att bruka mildare fysiskt våld mot sin hustru, men inte heller något förbud. Det hade fram till 1734 års lag varit tillåtet, så länge hon inte fick synliga skador. Våld i nära relation är ett nutida begrepp och inte något som diskuterades eller användes på 1800-talet. Begreppet har använts i uppsatsen i syfte att studera vilka handlIn the early 19th century, there was no statutory right for a man to use milder physical violence against his wife, but no prohibition. It had been allowed until the 1734 law, as long as she did not receive visible injuries. Violence in close relationship is a contemporary concept and not something that was discussed or used in the 19th century. The term has been used in the paper in order to stud

Barnäktenskap är ett fenomen som är vanligt förekommande i stora delar av världen. År 2004 infördes lagbestämmelser om att utländska barnäktenskap inte ska erkännas i Sverige om minst en av parterna haft anknytning till Sverige. För att stärka skyddet mot barnäktenskap skärptes lagen ytterligare år 2014. Under år 2018 lade regeringen fram ett förslag till ny lag om att förbjuda erkännandet av utläChild marriage is a phenomenon existing in many parts of the world. In 2004 a new law came into force stating that Sweden does not recognize foreign child marriages if at least one of the parts has ties to Sweden. In order to achieve an increased protection against child marriage the legislation was further strengthened in 2014. In 2018 the Swedish government presented a proposition to a new law f

The purpose of the work was to investigate whether an extinguishing powder with a darker color other than white has an increased extinguishing effect when extinguishing a fire in an enclosure. In the experiments conducted, a conventional extinguishing powder was tested against a carbon black-dyed extinguishing powder with nitrogen or air as a propellant. All other variables were kept the same. To

Den 1 april 2019 kommer en ny djurskyddslag träda i kraft. En av de stora och viktiga ändringar för djurskyddet är att ett kunskapskrav ska införas i lagen. Ambitionen var att även ett utbildningskrav skulle införas i lagen men det visade sig vara oproportionerligt och alldeles för betungande för de enskilda. Ett problem som brukar förekomma vid ikraftträdande av en ny lag är att de nya bestämmeOn April 1, 2019, a new law will replace the current Swedish animal welfare law (1988: 534). One of the major and important changes for animal welfare is that the knowledge requirement is to now be introduced into the law. Worth to mention is that there also was an ambition to introduce the education requirement into the law. However, this proved to be disproportionate and too demanding. A probl

The Khmer Krom are an indigenous people living in the Mekong delta with a complex historical relation to the majority population. Vietnamese legal climate and treatment of minorities has been shaped by this complex history. Contemporary Vietnam has ratified several significant human rights treaties and voted in favour of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This thes

Japans rättssystem före 1880 baserades på ett rättssystem av kinesiskt ursprung. Efter att Tokugawa-shogunatet föll 1867, genomförde den japanska regeringen en modernisering av rättssystemet genom reception av europeisk rätt. Inom straffrätten utfärdades 1880 och 1907 års Penal Code efter europeisk modell. Syftet med uppsatsen är att jämföra straffrättsutvecklingen i Europa och Japan från 1700-talThe Japanese legal system before 1880 was based on a legal system of Chinese origin. After the Tokugawa-shogunate fell in 1867, the Japanese government carried out a modernization of the legal system through reception of European law. In the penal law area, the Penal Codes of 1880 and 1907 were issued based on the European model. The purpose of this essay is to compare penal law development in Eur

Religiös slakt påbjuds inom både islam och judendom. Gemensamt för dessa metoder är att djuret ofta slaktas utan föregående bedövning. Denna slakt är i Sverige förbjuden enligt 14 § djurskyddslagen (1988:534). Samtidigt stadgas i artikel 9 EKMR rätt till religionsfrihet. Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda huruvida 14 § djurskyddslagen (1988:534) kan anses vara förenlig med rätten till religionsfrihet Both Judaism and Islam dictate religious slaughter, whereby livestock often is slaughtered without prior stunning. In Sweden, this method of slaughter is prohibited pursuant to section 14 of the Animal Welfare Act (1988:534). However, Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights stipulates freedom of religion. The present paper aims to examine whether the Swedish legislation is compatible

De senaste åren har antalet barn som tvångsomhändertas med stöd av lagen (1990:52) med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga, LVU, ökat kraftigt, och det finns ingen tydlig förklaring till varför denna ökning har skett. Tvångsomhändertaganden med stöd av LVU kan bl.a. bli aktuellt när en person under 20 år har något annat socialt nedbrytande beteende. Rekvisitet är tänkt att täcka in barn som på The last years the number of children subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU) increased substantially with no clear explanation. A person under 20 years can be subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act if he or she has a socially destructive behavior. The purpose of the prerequisite is to make sure that children who in other ways than through s

Nowadays, European cities contain more than 70% of the population of the continent and are still growing. This growth tends to put pressure on the challenges that urban areas are already facing. The range of these challenges is wide, such challenges being social, environmental and economical. Air pollution, health issues, increasing heat, integration, social exclusion, loneliness or mobility probl