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Corrosion is the main factor limiting the lifetime of metallic materials, and a fundamental understanding of the governing mechanism and surface processes is difficult to achieve since the thin oxide films at the metal–liquid interface governing passivity are notoriously challenging to study. In this work, a combination of synchrotron-based techniques and electrochemical methods is used to investi
We investigated the structural evolution of electrochemically fabricated Pd nanowires in situ by means of grazing-incidence transmission small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (GTSAXS and GTWAXS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and two-dimensional surface optical reflectance (2D-SOR). This shows how electrodeposition and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) compete and interact during Pd electrodeposit
Co-production has become paramount for scientists, practitioners and social groups of Indigenous peoples and local communities of rural and urban areas to deliver transformative changes that enhance sustainability. Co-production should result in knowledge that is credible, legitimate and usable to enable sustainable outcomes effectively. However, this is not always the case due to challenges relat
Primary filtration is a compact pre-treatment process for municipal wastewater, which can lead to high removal of total suspended solids (TSS) if polymer is added prior to filtration. Extensive carbon removal with rotating belt filter (RBF) can be combined with filter primary sludge fermentation at ambient temperature, in order to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as carbon source for biological
Alveolar type 2 epithelial cells (AT2s) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iAT2s) have rapidly contributed to our understanding of AT2 function and disease. However, while iAT2s are primarily cultured in three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel, a matrix derived from cancerous mouse tissue, it is unclear how a physiologically relevant matrix will impact iAT2s phenotype. As extracellular mat
Quantum cascade lasers provide a variety of challenges to theory, which are outlined in this review: (i) The choice of basis states is discussed, where energy eigenstates are badly defined if the full periodic structure is considered. (ii) The tunneling through barriers requires a treatment of quantum coherences, which sets particular demands on the formulation of the quantum kinetic equations. He
Translational regulation impacts both pluripotency maintenance and cell differentiation. To what degree the ribosome exerts control over this process remains unanswered. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated heterogeneity in ribosome composition in various organisms. 2′-O-methylation (2′-O-me) of rRNA represents an important source of heterogeneity, where site-specific alteration of methylation l
Isolating the role of limited knowledge, psychological frictions and policy characteristics is key when evaluating a public program and designing future policies. We document limited awareness about the presence of fiscal incentives towards fuel efficient vehicles. Exploiting a direct measure of awareness at the individual level, we find vehicle choices response heterogeneity to these fiscal incen
Characterizing the effects of mutations on stability is critical for understanding the function and evolution of proteins and improving their biophysical properties. High throughput folding and abundance assays have been successfully used to characterize missense mutations associated with reduced stability. However, screening for increased thermodynamic stability is more challenging since such mut
Labour market policies, also known as activation, are common responses to poverty, unemployment and social exclusion. Activation is characterised by increased individual responsibility, requiring welfare recipients to strive for financial self-sufficiency, be it through job-seeking, training or coaching. In Sweden, activation policies are also implemented in municipal welfare services such as soci
The transition of energy from the 4f to the 5d state is a fundamental element driving various applications, such as phosphors and optoelectronic devices. The positioning of the 4f ground states and the 5d excited states significantly influences this energy shift. In our research, we delve into the placement of these states utilizing a hybrid DFT combined with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) via the supe
One might think that money pumps directed at agents with cyclic preferences can be avoided by foresight. This view was challenged two decades ago by the discovery of a money pump with foresight, which works against agents who use backward induction. But backward induction implausibly assumes that the agent would act rationally and retain her trust in her future rationality even at choice nodes tha
This paper considers Neutral-Range Utilitarianism (NRU) – a utilitarian theory that posits a range of lives that are neutral in impersonal value, in the sense that adding people with such lives to the world’s population doesn’t make the world, or its population, either better or worse. The paper considers a particular version of this utilitarian axiology, Personalized NRU (PNRU), according to whic
In this chapter, which draws on my earlier work on the subject, I focus on agents whose preferences violate axioms of expected utility, with violations of the Independence Axiom being my prime example. This exposes them to the threat of dynamic inconsistency in sequential choice. I consider three different policies such agents could use to secure consistency. After presenting two standard policies
