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Soft-x-ray polarimeter with multilayer optics : Complete analysis of the polarization state of light

The design of a versatile high-precision eight-axis ultrahigh-vacuum-compatible polarimeter is presented. This multipurpose instrument can be used as a self-calibrating polarization detector for linearly and circularly polarized UV and soft-x-ray light. It can also be used for the characterization of reflection or transmission properties (reflectometer) or polarizing and phase-retarding properties

Adsorption sites in O and CO coadsorption phases on Rh(111) investigated by high-resolution core-level photoemission

High-resolution core-level spectroscopy is used in combination with low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and photoelectron diffraction to identify the adsorption sites for three different coadsorbed phases consisting of ordered overlayers of oxygen coadsorbed with CO on the Rh(111) single-crystal surface. The three ordered overlayer structures, which may be denoted as 2O + CO/Rh(111), O + CO/Rh(

Soft x-ray undulator beam line 1411 at MAX-II for gases, liquids and solid samples

We report on the build-up of the new undulator beam line 1411 at the third-generation synchrotron radiation facility MAX II in Lund, Sweden. This beam line is based on an upgraded version of the modified SX700-monochromator and the end station which were installed previously at beam line 51 at MAX I. The end station is equipped with a rotatable Scienta hemispherical electron-analyser making angle-

Beamline 1511 at MAX II, capabilities and performance

The new undulator beamline 1511 at MAX-lab, now under commissioning, has been optimized for X-ray emission and photoelectron spectroscopies. Using an SX-700 high flux monochromator the accessible photon energy range is from 90 eV to about 1500 eV. The performance of the undulator agrees very well with the specifications, as shown by measurements using a photodiode. The energy resolution of the mon

Vibrational fine structure in the C 1s photoemission spectrum of the methoxy species chemisorbed on Cu(100)

The C 1s photoemission spectrum of methoxy (CH3O) chemisorbed on Cu(100) is demonstrated to contain a resolvable fine structure due to excitation of the molecular C-H normal vibrational mode. The origin of the fine structure is ascertained by substituting hydrogen with deuterium in the methoxy overlayers and by comparison to gas-phase C 1s spectra for methanol (CH3OH). The vibrational fine structu

Coverage- and temperature-dependent site occupancy of carbon monoxide on Rh(111) studied by high-resolution core-level photoemission

High-resolution core-level photoemission is used to study structural aspects for the molecular adsorption of CO on the Rh(111) single-crystal surface, and in particular to derive the adsorption sites. The site sensitivity of the core-level binding energy and the fact that the core level photoemission signal is proportional to the adsorbate coverage make it possible to study quantitatively how the

The influence of preadsorbed oxygen on the adsorption of CO on two-dimensional Pd islands on a Rh (111) surface

The influence of preadsorbed oxygen on the CO adsorption properties of a laterally heterogeneous bimetallic surface consisting of Pd islands on Rh(111) at a Pd coverage of 0.5 monolayers has been studied by high resolution core level photoemission. A surface consisting of clean Pd islands surrounded by oxygen-covered Rh(111) patches was prepared by predosing oxygen at room temperature. By applying

Adsorption sites in coadsorption systems determined by photoemission spectroscopy : K and CO coadsorbed on Rh(111)

The adsorption sites of coadsorbed K and CO on the Rh(111) surface have been determined using high-resolution core-level spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction and site-resolved photoelectron diffraction. For both a (2 × 2)-2CO-1K and a (2√3 × 2√3)-6CO-1K structure, we find that the CO molecules occupy threefold hollow sites and the K atoms on-top sites, contrary to the adsorption sites of

Förflyttning vid utrymning : en utvärdering av mätmetoder

Accurate measurement of people’s movement patterns during evacuation requires appropriate data collection methods. This study examines three different methods, namely cameras placed above the crowd, triangulation using two cameras and distance measurements with laser scanners. Experiments were performed both in the laboratory and the field in order to evaluate the different methods. The results su

Observation of a low-energy adsorbate core-level satellite for CO bonded to palladium : Coordination-dependent effects

A strong low-energy shake-up satellite for CO adsorbed on Pd is observed. The occurrence of the satellite is established for the CO/1 ML Pd/Mo(110) system at a coverage where CO adsorbs exclusively on-top. Comparisons with CO adsorbed on Pd single-crystal surfaces and small supported Pd particles indicate that the strongly increased satellite intensity is due to the decreased CO-Pd interaction str

Adsorption of acetylene and hydrogen on Pd(111) : Formation of a well-ordered ethylidyne overlayer

The C2H2(+H)/Pd(111) system has been studied using high resolution core level spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). Two ordered phases were found when adsorbing C2H2 at 125 K, giving rise to a (2 × 2) and a (√3 × √3)R30° LEED pattern, respectively. When preadsorbing H at 110-150 K, the sticking probability of the C2H2 molecules is strongly reduced and only the (√3 × √3)R30° over

Adsorption properties of a mixed surface studied by high resolution core level photoemission : CO/0.5 ML Pd/Rh(111)

The coverage-dependent adsorption properties of a laterally heterogeneous bimetallic surface have been investigated by high resolution core level photoemission and low energy electron diffraction. The specific system under study was CO adsorbed on a Rh(111) surface onto which 2D Pd islands (coverage 0.5 ML) were formed by vapor deposition. The CO adsorption properties of the heterogeneous surface

O KVV Auger emission versus resonant photoemission at the O K edge of high-Tc superconductors

Photoelectron spectroscopy results on single crystals of the superconductors Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8,Bi2Sr 2CuO6, Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 and the semiconductor Ba0.9K0.1BiO3 are reported for the photon energy region around the O K absorption threshold. The development of the O-KVV Auger structure has been carefully monitored as a function of photon energy. A non-monotonic behavior displaying a feature at a constant b

Thermal desorption of oxides on Si(100) : A case study for the scanning photoelectron microscope at Max-Lab

A scanning photoelectron microscope, utilizing a focused beam of monochromatized photons in the energy range from 15 to 150 eV, has been used to study the thermal desorption of oxide layers on Si(100). The instrument can provide high-resolution photoelectron spectra from selected parts of the surface as well as images showing the lateral distribution (on a micrometer scale) of elements in differen

Design and performance of a spherical grating monochromator used at MAX I

We report on the performance of a grazing incidence spherical grating monochromator installed at MAX I and designed to cover the photon energy range from about 15-200 eV with high resolving power. It is intended mainly for angle-resolved photoemission work. Therefore, both refocusing optics, to obtain a small spot size at the sample, and a higher order light suppressor, to reduce the content of hi

The YbNi interface studied with photoemission spectroscopy

The development of the ytterbium valence band region was followed with Synchrotron radiation induced Photoemission Spectroscopy (SPS) by interdiffusion of Yb into a Ni (110) single crystal in order to identify the valence conditions of Yb in the bulk and on the surface. During this process, also the width of the Ni L3VV Auger transition was investigated with X-ray induced Photoemission Spectroscop