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A novel X-ray diffraction approach to assess the crystallinity of regenerated cellulose fibers

Here, a new accurate approach is presented to quantify the degree of crystallinity of regenerated cellulose textile fibers using wide-angle X-ray scattering. The approach is based on the observation that the contributions to the scattering from crystalline and amorphous domains of the fibers can be separated due to their different degree of orientation with respect to the fiber direction. The meth

Analysis of a deep learning-based method for generation of SPECT projections based on a large Monte Carlo simulated dataset

Background: In recent years, a lot of effort has been put in the enhancement of medical imaging using artificial intelligence. However, limited patient data in combination with the unavailability of a ground truth often pose a challenge to a systematic validation of such methodologies. The goal of this work was to investigate a recently proposed method for an artificial intelligence-based generati

Exponential growth of systematic reviews assessing artificial intelligence studies in medicine : challenges and opportunities

The evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement is stepping up its efforts to assess medical artificial intelligence (AI) and data science studies. Since 2017, there has been a marked increase in the number of published systematic reviews that assess medical AI studies. Increasingly, data from observational studies are used in systematic reviews of medical AI studies. Assessment of risk of bias is espe

Prognostic implications of structural heart disease and premature ventricular contractions in recovery of exercise

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) during recovery of exercise stress testing are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, but the cause remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association of PVCs during recovery with echocardiographic abnormalities, and their combined prognostic performance. Echocardiographic abnormalities [reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, valv

Psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in wrist osteoarthritis : test–retest reliability and construct validity

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are frequently used to assess the effects of treatments in patients with wrist osteoarthritis (OA), but their psychometric properties have not been evaluated in this group of patients. Our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS pain at rest, pain on motion without load, and pain on load), the Disabiliti

Inlet layout effects on the mixing performance with a novel mixing evaluation in a powder-fueled ramjet

Mixing process is crucial for ignition and combustion in powder-fueled ramjets. The mixing performance depends mainly on the inlet layout. In this study, the effects of four popular inlet layouts were investigated and were found to significantly influence the particle distribution. In this study, the Savitzky-Golay approach was used to handle large amounts of data on particles to obtain clear peak

Experimental and kinetic modeling study of the CH4+H2S+air laminar burning velocities at atmospheric pressure

With the increasing demand for natural gas and depletion of many sweet gas fields, direct usage of sour gas, usually containing a large percentage of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), becomes a more economical choice in recent years. However, the laminar burning velocity (SL) of CH4+H2S flames have seldom been investigated due to the corrosivity and toxicity of H2S, and no available experimental data can be

Major adverse cardiovascular events following acute coronary syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder

Background: Persons with bipolar disorder (BD) have a higher cardiovascular mortality compared to the general population, partially explained by the increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Research regarding outcomes following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in this population remains scarce. Design: This Danish register-based study included patients diagnosed with BD and ACS in the period

Mental health and psychosocial consequences linked to radiation emergencies - Increasingly recognised concerns

A major radiological or nuclear emergency may, apart from causing a substantial loss of life and physical damage, also put a substantial strain on affected societies with social, economic and political consequences. Although such emergencies are relatively uncommon, it is now being increasingly recognised that their subsequent psychosocial impact can be widespread and long lasting. Mental health e

Bottlenose dolphin communication during a role-specialized group foraging task

A division of labor with role specialization is defined as individuals specializing in a subtask during repetitions of a group task. While this behavior is ubiquitous among humans, there are only four candidates found among non-eusocial mammals: lions, mice, chimpanzees, and bottlenose dolphins. Bottlenose dolphins in the Cedar Keys, Florida, engage in role specialized “driver-barrier feeding”, wh

Dancing all the way to the stage by way of the stadium : on the iconicity and plasticity of actions

In the sense of phenomenology, actions are special cases of acts of consciousness. Within semiotics, first Jan Mukařovský and then A. J. Greimas have established, in different terms, a distinction between instrumental actions and actions which carry their meaning in themselves. But this is insufficient to account for the variety of actions which comprises everything from the creation of artefacts,

Prenatal interventions for fetal growth restriction in animal models : A systematic review

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) in human pregnancy is associated with perinatal mortality, short- and long-term morbidities. No prenatal therapy is currently established despite decades of research. We aimed to review interventions in animal models for prenatal FGR treatment, and to seek the next steps for an effective clinical therapy. We registered our protocol and searched MEDLINE, Embase, and T

Emerging drugs for the treatment of bladder storage dysfunction

Introduction: Current drug treatment of lower urinary tract disorders, for example, overactive bladder syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, is moderately effective, has a low treatment persistence and some short- and long-term adverse events. Even if combination therapy with approved drugs may offer advantages in some patients, there is still a ne

Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Properties in Arab States

The present edited research aims to capture a bird’s-eye view of the phenomenon of illicit trafficking of cultural properties and to serve as a reference point for governments, enforcement agencies, international organizations, stakeholders, and civil societies. The targeted geographic region is the Arab World, the countries in the Middle East, Arabic Gulf, Horn of Africa and North Africa. There i

The Glucose Sensitivity of Insulin Secretion-Lessons from In Vivo and In Vitro Studies in Mice

This study explored the relationship between the glucose dose and insulin response from beta cells in vivo and in vitro in mice. Glucose was administered intravenously at different dose levels (from 0 to 0.75 g/kg) in anesthetized C57BL/6J mice, and the glucose and insulin concentrations were determined in samples taken after 50 min. Furthermore, freshly isolated mouse islets were incubated for 60

‘The Vanity of Translation’; or, Locating Adam Oehlenschläger in Romantic-Period Europe

Cian Duffy’s chapter is concerned with the Danish poet and dramatist Adam Oehlenschläger, often identified as Denmark’s leading Romantic-period writer. Duffy focuses on an early instance of Oehlenschläger’s reception in England: an essay on contemporary German drama by Julius Charles Hare in the first and only number of Charles Ollier’s Literary Miscellany. Drawing also on theories about the relat

Heraqla, between the dream of Harun Al Rashid and the nightmare of the looters

The archaeological site of Heraqla in Raqqa represents a particular example of the Abbasid architecture; the Caliph Harun Al Rashid started reconstructing it as a commemorative monument but after his death it was never completed. The Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums DGAM excavated in the site, constructed furnace to produce bricks similar to the ancient material for restorations and,

Insights from Central Syrian Desert on the migration routes of Homo erectus from Africa to Eurasia during the Paleolithic

Our knowledge regarding the migration of the Homo erectus towards Eurasia and the routes he took through the Middle East during the Paleolithic is limited. The latest surveys and excavations at sites in the central Syrian Desert have revealed important data on these routes. Archaeological labor documented numerous archaeological sites located between the Mount Bishri and the Middle Euphrates Valle

Domain Decomposition for Non-smooth (in Particular TV) Minimization

Domain decomposition is one of the most efficient techniques to derive efficient methods for large-scale problems. In this chapter such decomposition methods for the minimization of the total variation are discussed. We differ between approaches which directly tackle the (primal) total variation minimization and approaches which deal with their predual formulation. Thereby we mainly concentrate on

IDAC-Bio, A Software for Internal Dosimetry Based on the New ICRP Biokinetic Models and Specific Absorbed Fractions

ABSTRACT: Radiation dosimetry is central to virtually all radiation safety applications, optimization, and research. It relates to various individuals and population groups and to miscellaneous exposure situations-including planned, existing, and emergency situations. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed a new computational framework for internal dose estima