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Background: Liver cirrhosis is characterized by a silent phase until decompensation, which is defined by ascites, bleeding from esophageal varices or hepatic encephalopathy. Aim: We compare the clinical course, patterns of survival and causes of death by etiology during long-term follow-up in a large population-based cohort of patients with incident cirrhosis. Material and methods: We used populat

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to analyse patterns of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data for associations with large for gestational age (LGA) infants and an adverse neonatal composite outcome (NCO) in pregnancies in women with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This was an observational cohort study of 186 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes in Sweden. The interstitial glucose readings f

Organo-metal halide perovskites are promising solution-processed semiconductors, however, they possess diverse and largely not understood non-radiative mechanisms. Here, we resolve contributions of individual non-radiative recombination centers (quenchers) in nanocrystals of methylammonium lead iodide by studying their photoluminescence blinking caused by random switching of quenchers between acti

The first human virus in the genus Cardiovirus was described in 2007 and named Saffold virus (SAFV). Cardioviruses can cause severe infections of the myocardium and central nervous system in animals, but SAFV has not yet been convincingly associated with disease in humans. To study a possible association between SAFV and infections in the human central nervous system, we designed a real-time PCR f

Group A rotaviruses can infect both humans and animals. Individual rotavirus strains can occasionally cross species barriers and might hereby contribute to the emergence of new genotypes in heterologous hosts. The incidence and impact of zoonotic rotavirus are not well defined, and one reason for this is a lack of data about strains circulating in suspected reservoir animal hosts. In this study we

The use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)containing aqueous film forming foams (AFFF)at fire training facilities can have an adverse impact on the surrounding environment. The aim of the present study was to study the distribution and temporal trend of 26 PFAS in water and sediment cores for a lake and a pond affected by AFFF release from a fire training facility in Luleå, northern Sw

The apparition of adaptive immunity in Gnathostomata correlates with the expansion of the E-protein family to encompass E2-2, HEB, and E2A. Within the family, E2-2 and HEB are more closely evolutionarily related but their concerted action in hematopoiesis remains to be explored. Here we show that the combined disruption of E2-2 and HEB results in failure to express the early lymphoid program in Co

Recent work by J. Prades and myself on K → ππ is described. The first part describes our method to connect in a systematic fashion the short-distance evolution with long-distance matrix-element calculations taking the scheme dependence of the short-distance evolution into account correctly. In the second part I show the results we obtain for the ΔI = 1/2 rule in the chiral limit.

The K → ππ system is analyzed in the chiral limit within the Standard Model. We discuss how to connect the short-distance running in the |ΔS| = 1 case to the matrix-elements calculated in a low-energy approximation in a scheme-independent fashion. We calculate this correction and the resulting Wilson Coefficients. The matrix elements are calculated to next-to-leading order in the 1/Nc expansion an

We report on a calculation of ε′K/εK at next-to-leading in the 1/Nc expansion and to lowest order in Chiral Perturbation Theory. We discuss the short-distance matching, the scale and scheme dependence as well as the long-distance short-distance matching. We include the two known chiral corrections to our result and discuss further order p4 corrections to it.

Exact analytical expressions for the ∆S = 1 coupling Im GE in terms of observable spectral functions are given. This coupling determines the size of the ∆I = 3/2 contribution to ε′ . We show analytically how the scheme-dependence and scale dependences vanish to all orders in 1/Nc and NLO in αS explicitly both for Q7 and Q8 . Numerical results are derived for both Q7 and Q8 from the τ-data and know

The procedure to calculate masses and matrix-elements in the presence of mixing of the basis states is explained in detail. We then apply this procedure to the two-loop calculation in Chiral Perturbation Theory of pseudoscalar masses and decay constants including quark mass isospin breaking. These results are used to update our analysis of Kℓ4 done previously and obtain a value of mu/md in additio

We show how the scheme- and scale-dependence of the short-distance operator product expansion with four-quark operators can be correctly accounted for in the framework of the 1/Nc-expansion once the hadronization of two-quark currents has been fixed. We show formulas explicitly in the case of the BK-parameter. We then use them together with our earlier estimates of the long-distance effects. We co

The vector and axial-vector two-point functions are calculated to next-to-next-to-leading order in Chiral Perturbation Theory for three light flavours. We also obtain expressions at the same order for the masses, m2 π, m2 Κ and m2 η, and the decay constants, Fπ, FΚ and Fη. We present some numerical results after a simple resonance estimate of some of the new O(p6) constants.

We have calculated the form-factors F and G in K → ππlν decays (K(l4)) to two-loop order in Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT). Combining this together with earlier two-loop calculations an updated set of values for the L(i)/(r), the ChPT constants at O(p4), is obtained. We discuss the uncertainties in the determination and the changes compared to previous estimates. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.

The F and G form-factors of Kℓ4 and the quark condensates are calculated to O(p6) in Chiral Perturbation theory (CHPT). Full formulas are presented as much as possible. A full refit of most of the O(p4) CHPT parameters is done with a discussion of all inputs and underlying assumptions. We discuss the consequences for the vacuum expectation values, decay constants, pseudoscalar masses and π - π sca

We construct the effective chiral lagrangean for chiral perturbation theory in the mesonic even-intrinsic-parity sector at order p6. The lagrangean contains 112 in principle measurable + 3 contact terms for the general case of n light flavours, 90+4 for three and 53+4 for two flavours. The equivalence between equations of motion and field redefinitions to remove spurious terms in the lagrangeans i

As the politics of climate change shift from the design of international institutions to the pursuit of decarbonisation across multiple sites, researchers are increasingly calling attention to the geography and politics of transitions. We suggest that recent work has so far been limited by its rather incongruous focus on power as a capacity held by individual agents on the basis of the resources w