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Here we examined the ability of human neural progenitors from the embryonic forebrain, expanded for up to a year in culture in the presence of growth factors, to respond to environmental signals provided by the developing rat brain. After survival times of up to more than a year after transplantation into the striatum, the hippocampus, and the subventricular zone, the cells were analyzed using hum

Under anaerobic conditions, Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses NADH-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpd1p and Gpd2p) to re-oxidize excess NADH, yielding substantial amounts of glycerol. In a Δgpd1 Δgpd2 double-null mutant, the necessary NAD+ regeneration through glycerol production is no longer possible, and this mutant does not grow under anaerobic conditions. The excess NADH formed can

xogenously provided NGF enhances cognitive performance in impaired rodents and humans and is currently a promising compound for the treatment of dementia. To investigate whether NGF-dependent cognitive improvement may be due in part to increased hippocampal neurogenesis, adult and aged male rats were treated with NGF or vehicle intracerebroventricularly for 6 or 20 days followed by evaluation of c

Objectves To obtain information on the mechanisms of female rat micturition using a model in which pressure was measured in the bladder and distal part of the urethra corresponding to the location of the rhabdosphincter, providing information on the role of the sphincter in opening and closing the urethral lumen. Materials and Methods A micturition reflex was induced in adult anaesthetized (chlora

Aqueous mixtures of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes undergo associative phase separation, resulting in coacervation, gelation, or precipitation. This phenomenon has been exploited here to form DNA gel particles by interfacial diffusion. We report on the formation of DNA gel particles by mixing solutions of DNA (either single-stranded (ssDNA) or double-stranded (dsDNA)) with solutions of cation

The LKB1 tumour suppressor kinase phosphorylates and activates a number of protein kinases belonging to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) subfamily. We have used a modified tandem affinity purification strategy to identify proteins that interact with AMPKalpha, as well as the twelve AMPK-related kinases that are activated by LKB1. The AMPKbeta and AMPKgamma regulatory subunits were associate

Pollen productivity estimates (PPE) are one of the critical parameters for a quantitative reconstruction of past vegetation from fossil pollen records. Modern pollen and vegetation data were collected in traditional landscapes of southern Sweden to derive PPE for the most characteristic plant taxa. The 42 selected sites are assumed to be good analogues of historical to prehistorical grasslands. A

Background: Hyperlipidemia has been suggested as a risk factor for stenosis of the aortic valve, but lipid-lowering studies have had conflicting results. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial involving 1873 patients with mild-to-moderate, asymptomatic aortic stenosis. The patients received either 40 mg of simvastatin plus 10 mg of ezetimibe or placebo daily. The primary outcome wa

The ontogenetic development of size heterogeneity and aggression was monitored in commercial culture tanks of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi Valenciennes). Size heterogeneity increased substantially with the introduction of Artemia as a food source at 12 days post-hatch (DPH), and was correlated with the appearance of aiming behaviour, a precursor to more direct aggressive interactions. Chas

Our objective was to assess clubfoot anatomy by US in newborn babies before and in the early phase of treatment. Reproducible US projections and measurements were carried out on 30 untreated clubfeet in 22 children, consecutively included in the study. The position of the navicular in relation to the head of the talus was visualised in all feet. The mean distance between the medial malleolus and t

Our objective in this article is to assess the relation between long-term treatments of depressive episodes and attempted or completed suicide in patients who had had a severe depression at index admission. A blind record evaluation of 96 suicides with a primary severe depression and matched controls has been performed. Out of those, 57 and 33, respectively, bad made suicide attempts. Occurrence o

This case-control study based in Nordic serum banks evaluated the joint effects of infections with genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types, and Chlamydia trachomatis in the aetiology of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Through a linkage with the cancer registries, 144 cases were identified and 420 controls matched to them. Exposure to past infections was defined by the presence of specific IgG a

The pattern of variation in characters closely connected with reproductive fitness and in a presumably weakly selected character, leaflet shape, was studied in the forest-herb Lathyrus vernus. Plants from twenty populations, representing three geographically distinct regions (C. Europe, S. Sweden and C. Sweden), were transplanted to a common garden. Leaflet shape, described using elliptic Fourier

We present an exact ab initio theory for describing the motion of interacting electrons through nanoscopic constrictions. Our theory is based on time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and nonequilibrium Green functions. We consider the system electrode-device-electrode initially contacted and in equilibrium, therefore the scheme is thermodynamically consistent. Besides the steady-state r

A theoretical model has been developed that describes ultrafiltration of nonionic surfactants. The model takes into account the fact that surfactants start to aggregate and form micelles at the critical micelle concentration, The model can be used to predict the performance of the membrane if the transport properties inside and at the membrane surface as well as the surfactant association behavior

The purpose of this paper is to show that shortcomings exist in the plasticity induced damage theories. Existing phenomenological thermodynamic approaches used for describing elasto-plasticity coupled with damage are therefore evaluated. Within the concept of effective stress both the postulate of strain equivalence and the postulate of (complementary) energy equivalence, as well as extensions of

Recognizing the possible beneficial effect of prebiotics in food, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) convened a Technical meeting to start work on the evaluation of the functional and health properties of prebiotics. A group of international experts agreed on guidelines, recommended criteria, and methodology for conducting a systematic approach for the evaluation of

The attachment of primary rat hepatocytes and fibroblasts to collagen type I is mediated by non-RGD-dependent beta 1 integrin matrix receptors. In this report we describe a novel 96-well microtiter plate assay for the quantification of fibroblast-mediated contraction of floating collagen type I gels. Fetal calf serum and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), but not transforming growth factor-bet

The hottest developments in the fields of cancer research, neuroscience, genomics and proteomics, anti-virals and more, with a pick of the key research papers in these areas.

We present QSim, a program for simulation of NMR experiments. Pulse sequences are implemented and analyzed in QSim using a mouse driven interface. QSim can handle almost any modern NMR experiment, using multiple channels, shaped pulses, mixing, decoupling, phase-cycling and pulsed field gradients. Any number of spins with any spin quantum number can, in theory, be used in simulations. Relaxation i