Theories based on optimal sampling by the retina have been widely applied to visual ecology at the level of the optics of the eye, supported by visual behaviour. This leads to speculation about the additional processing that must lie in between-in the brain itself. But fewer studies have adopted a quantitative approach to evaluating the detectability of specific features in these neural pathways.

Biological visual systems provide excellent examples of robust target detection and tracking mechanisms capable of performing in a wide range of environments. Consequently, they have been sources of inspiration for many artificial vision algorithms. However, testing the robustness of target detection and tracking algorithms is a challenging task due to the diversity of environments for application

Many computer vision tasks require the implementation of robust and efficient target tracking algorithms. Furthermore, in robotic applications these algorithms must perform whilst on a moving platform (ego motion). Despite the increase in computational processing power, many engineering algorithms are still challenged by real-Time applications. In contrast, lightweight and low-power flying insects

Classical biomonitoring techniques have focused primarily on measures linked to various biodiversity metrics and indicator species. Next-generation biomonitoring (NGB) describes a suite of tools and approaches that allow the examination of a broader spectrum of organizational levels—from genes to entire ecosystems. Here, we frame 10 key questions that we envisage will drive the field of NGB over t

Successfully predicting the future states of systems that are complex, stochastic, and potentially chaotic is a major challenge. Model forecasting error (FE) is the usual measure of success; however model predictions provide no insights into the potential for improvement. In short, the realized predictability of a specific model is uninformative about whether the system is inherently predictable o

One feature of global change is that biota must respond not to single, but to multiple environmental drivers. By growing a model photosynthetic microbe in environments containing between one and eight different drivers, including changes in CO 2, temperature, and pH, in different combinations, we show that the number as well as the identities of drivers explain shifts in population growth rates. T

Gene flow in macroalgal populations can be strongly influenced by spore or gamete dispersal. This, in turn, is influenced by a convolution of the effects of current flow and specific plant reproductive strategies. Although several studies have demonstrated genetic variability in macroalgal populations over a wide range of spatial scales, the associated current data have generally been poorly resol

Climate change is altering aquatic environments in a complex way, and simultaneous shifts in many properties will drive evolutionary responses in primary producers at the base of both freshwater and marine ecosystems. So far, evolutionary studies have shown how changes in environmental drivers, either alone or in pairs, affect the evolution of growth and other traits in primary producers. Here, we

The growing interest in using population balance modeling to describe emulsification processes has spurred an interest in experimentally measuring the breakup frequency. This contribution classifies, compares, and critically reviews the different methods that have been suggested for measuring the breakup frequency, applicable to emulsification devices. Two major approaches can be seen in previous

Right atrial thrombosis is a rare, but potentially serious complication of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study to assess the incidence, treatment, and outcome of asymptomatic right atrial thrombosis detected at routine echocardiography of children after acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Eleven (2.7%, 95% co

Critical discussion of proposed Dutch real estate tax exemption for first time home buyers and the negative effects for the housing market and equality of the existing gift tax exemption related to residential real estate.

OBJECTIVE: To identify ways that provision of hemophilia care can be maximized at the local level, irrespective of available resources or cultural or geographic challenges.METHODS: The SHIELD group used its multinational experience to share examples of local initiatives that have been employed to deliver optimal hemophilia care.RESULTS: The examples were reviewed and categorized into four key them

Patients with traveler’s diarrhea (TD) can acquire extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing members of the Enterobacterales (EPE) during travel to areas of endemicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of EPE carriage in travelers from southern Sweden who were sampled for bacterial diagnostics of TD compared to those of EPE carriage 10 year

Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) is a promising paradigm for the next generation radio access network infrastructure, which offers centralized and coordinated base-band signal processing. On the other hand, this requires extremely low latency fronthaul links to achieve real-time centralized signal processing. In this paper, we investigate massive MIMO pilot scheduling in a C- RAN infrastructure. Three commonly u

Growing evidence demonstrates that human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) modify their in vivo anti-inflammatory actions depending on the specific inflammatory environment encountered. Understanding this better is crucial to refine MSC-based cell therapies for lung and other diseases. Using acute exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease as a model, the effects of ex vivo MSC exposure to