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Policy Brief 1 (April 2026)

Project Title: MARS: Non-Western Migration Regimes in a Global Perspective (project number 101130177), funded by the European Commission under the Horizon Europe MSCA Staff Exchanges programmeAuthors: Şükufe Pak, spak [at] medipol [dot] edu [dot] tr (spak[at]medipol[dot]edu[dot]tr)Reyhan Arslan Babal, reyhanarslan [at] medipol [dot] edu [dot] tr (reyhanarslan[at]medipol[dot]edu[dot]tr) Editor: Mam

https://www.norca.lu.se/policy-briefs-mars/policy-brief-1-april-2026 - 2026-05-01

About the Project

POLCA: Rethinking law, governance, and development through alternative institutions and norms POLCA is a Marie Skłodowska‑Curie Staff Exchanges programme that tackles a fundamental challenge in global governance: why decades of rule‑of‑law and democratization efforts have so often struggled to deliver in non‑Western contexts. The project’s core premise is that law and governance reforms cannot be

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/project/about-project - 2026-05-01

Aims of the Project

From Western‑centric templates to context‑sensitive governance reform POLCA’s aims respond to a widely observed paradox: substantial investments in democratization and rule‑of‑law promotion have not consistently yielded liberal outcomes in post‑socialist and non‑Western contexts. Many societies exhibit hybrid legal landscapes where formal reforms co‑exist with entrenched informal orders and path‑d

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/project/aims - 2026-05-01

Methodological Approaches

A multi‑level, interdisciplinary toolkit for studying alternative orders POLCA’s methodology integrates theory‑driven design, multi‑level case analysis, and mixed methods to study the interplay of formal and informal orders in non‑Western governance. It synthesizes legal pluralism, socio‑legal theory, political economy, anthropology, and public administration to render authoritarian and hybrid leg

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/project/methodology - 2026-05-01

Project Rationale

Why POLCA—and why now?The wave of democratic optimism that accompanied the end of the Cold War has been tempered by a global expansion of authoritarian rule and hybrid governance forms. In many post‑socialist societies, formal legal transplants and institution‑building have coexisted with persistent informal orders and low trust in state institutions. Mainstream reform strategies, often designed a

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/project/rationale - 2026-05-01

Home

SOCIAL Sociology of Authoritarian Law: Insights from Central Asia POLCA The Political Economy of Legal and Governance Reform in Non-Western Societies. Insights from Central Asia MARS Non-Western Migration Regimes in a Global Perspective (link to another website) MOCCA Multilevel Orders of Corruption in Central Asia (link to another website) CENTRAL ASIAN LAW Legal Cultures and Business Environment

https://www.norca.lu.se/home - 2026-05-01

Research Stream 1

International and Regional Norms, Initiatives, Discourses, Institutions Reading contested norm entrepreneurship in EurasiaResearch Stream 1 investigates how international and regional norm entrepreneurs shape, contest, and transform Central Asia’s governance landscape. Western actors—EU member states, international organizations, and development agencies—diffuse rule‑of‑law, human rights, and good

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/streams/stream-1 - 2026-05-01

Research Stream 2

National/Central‑Level Processes, Initiatives, Policies, Laws Inside hybrid legality: executive by‑laws, parallel sectors, and reform trajectoriesResearch Stream 2 explores the inner workings of national legal design and governance in Central Asia. It focuses on alternative, non‑Western, and traditional structures; executive decrees and by‑laws that create parallel governance sectors; administrati

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/streams/stream-2 - 2026-05-01

Research Stream 3

Local Meso‑/Micro‑Level Institutions, Actors, Social Norms, Practices Everyday orders: morality, trust, and compliance beyond formal venuesResearch Stream 3 turns to the everyday arenas where citizens, entrepreneurs, civil society actors, and low‑level officials navigate ethics, legality, respectability, solidarity, and stigma. It studies societal watchdogs, informal mobilization, legal pluralism,

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/streams/stream-3 - 2026-05-01

Project Partners

The POLCA project is implemented through a broad international network of academic institutions, policy organisations, and civil society actors.Project partners are organised into two categories, reflecting their formal role in the Horizon Europe project structure:BeneficiariesInstitutions that are signatories to the Horizon Europe Grant Agreement and are formally responsible for the implementatio

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/partners - 2026-05-01

Project team

LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN Rustamjon Urinboyev, Principal Investigator Rustam Urinboyev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology of Law at Lund University. Rustamjon works at the intersection of the sociology of law and ethnography, studying migration, corruption, governance, and penal institutions in the context of Russia and Central Asia. His current research focuses on (1) migratio

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/team - 2026-05-01

About NORCA (Nordics – Central Asia)

NORCA (Nordics – Central Asia) is an interdisciplinary research platform based at Lund University, dedicated to advancing research, dialogue, and policy-relevant knowledge on Central Asia from Nordic and global perspectives.NORCA brings together scholars, practitioners, and institutions working on law, governance, political economy, migration, corruption, and social transformation in Central Asia

https://www.norca.lu.se/about-norca-nordics-central-asia - 2026-05-01