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We investigate different types of time-dependently driven single-particle sources whose common feature is that they produce pulses of integer charge and minimally excite the Fermi sea. These sources are: a slowly driven mesoscopic capacitor, a Lorentzian-shaped time-dependent bias voltage, and a local gate-voltage modulation of a quantum Hall edge state. They differ by their specific driving proto

We investigate odd-frequency superconducting correlations in normal-superconductor (NS) and short superconductor-normal-superconductor (SNS) junctions with the S region described by the Kitaev model of spinless fermions in one dimension. We demonstrate that, in both the trivial and topological phases, Andreev reflection is responsible for the coexistence of even- and odd-frequency pair amplitudes

We report on results obtained with the event-shape engineering technique applied to Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV. By selecting events in the same centrality interval, but with very different average flow, different initial-state conditions can be studied. We find the effect of the event-shape selection on the elliptic flow coefficient v2 to be almost independent of transverse momentum pT, whic

We report on a comprehensive investigation of the effects of strain and film thickness on the structural and magnetic properties of epitaxial thin films of the prototypal Jeff=1/2 compound Sr2IrO4 by advanced x-ray scattering. We find that the Sr2IrO4 thin films can be grown fully strained up to a thickness of 108 nm. By using x-ray resonant scattering, we show that the out-of-plane magnetic corre

In this paper, we study foreign ownership as a vehicle for transferring gender norms across international borders. Specifically, we analyze how the wage differential between men and women in Swedish firms is affected by the degree of gender inequality in the home country of foreign investors. The results suggest that gender norms of the home country matter—the gender wage gap in foreign-owned subs

Various grading reforms and trends of more lenient grading have contributed to grade inflation in Sweden and other countries. Previous research shows that over-grading increases higher education enrolment, achievements and earnings, but no study has yet addressed the potential impact of grading bias on health. In this paper, we hypothesize that over-grading has a protective impact on mental health

We successfully fabricated and studied planar superconductor-normal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson junctions made of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) high-TC superconductor (S) and Au normal metal (N). The crucial step in fabrication was done by using a Pt/Au bilayer encapsulation of the patterned YBCO nanogap. This procedure preserves the YBCO nanogap from the degradation due to the contact with resists, water

Analyzing temperature dependent photoemission (PE) data of the ferromagnetic Kondo-lattice (KL) system YbNiSn in the light of the periodic Anderson model (PAM) we show that the KL behavior is not limited to temperatures below a temperature TK, defined empirically from resistivity and specific heat measurements. As characteristic for weakly hybridized Ce and Yb systems, the PE spectra reveal a 4f-d

The physics of charge separation in organic semiconductors is a topic of ongoing research of relevance to material and device engineering. Herein, we present experimental observations of the field and temperature dependence of charge separation from singlet excitons in PTB7 and PC71BM, and from charge-transfer states created across interfaces in PTB7/PC71BM bulk heterojunction solar cells. We obta

Transverse momentum (pT) spectra of pions, kaons, and protons up to pT=20GeV/c have been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV using the ALICE detector for six different centrality classes covering 0%-80%. The proton-to-pion and the kaon-to-pion ratios both show a distinct peak at pT≈3GeV/c in central Pb-Pb collisions that decreases for more peripheral collisions. For pT>10GeV/c, the nuclear

Metallic 5f materials have very strong coupling of magnetic moments and electrons mediating electrical conduction. It is caused by strong spin-orbit interaction, coming with high atomic number Z, together with involvement of the 5f states in metallic bonding. We have used the recently discovered class of uranium (ultra)nanocrystalline hydrides, which are ferromagnets with high ordering temperature

Historically, comprehensive studies of dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors, e.g., p-type (Cd,Mn)Te and (Ga,Mn)As, paved the way for a quantitative theoretical description of effects associated with spin-orbit interactions in solids, such as crystalline magnetic anisotropy. In particular, the theory was successful in explaining uniaxial magnetic anisotropies associated with biaxial strain and nonra

The PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured open heavy flavor production in minimum bias Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV via the yields of electrons from semileptonic decays of charm and bottom hadrons. Previous heavy flavor electron measurements indicated substantial modification in the momentum distribution of the parent heavy quarks owing to the quark-gluon plas

Radiological staging of rectal cancer dictates subsequent patienttreatment. In early-stage disease, local excision is associatedwith reduced morbidity, mortality, and costs, and maintainsbowel continuity compared with surgery, where the whole orpart of the rectum is resected1–3. Nearly 90 per cent of patientswith T1 rectal cancer have N0 disease and are therefore potentially curable with local res

The invariant yields, dN/dy, for J/ψ production at forward rapidity (1.2<|y|<2.2) in U+U collisions at sNN=193GeV have been measured as a function of collision centrality. The invariant yields and nuclear-modification factor RAA are presented and compared with those from Au+Au collisions in the same rapidity range. Additionally, the direct ratio of the invariant yields from U+U and Au+Au collision

Background: Instant messaging platforms seem to positively contribute to adolescent emotional well-being. However, some scholars show a link between the use of these platforms and negative emotional experiences.These emotions could be perceived as even more overwhelming for certain subgroups of adolescents, such as those who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and lead to self-injury to dea

The production of (anti-)deuteron and (anti-)He3 nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV has been studied using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The spectra exhibit a significant hardening with increasing centrality. Combined blast-wave fits of several particles support the interpretation that this behavior is caused by an increase of radial flow. The integrated particle yields are discussed in t

Measurements of the fractional momentum loss (Sloss≡δpT/pT) of high-transverse-momentum-identified hadrons in heavy-ion collisions are presented. Using π0 in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV measured by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and and charged hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions measured by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, we studied

High resolution observations with ALMA have revealed that concentric rings and gaps are common features in protoplanetary disks. The favored mechanism for creating these substructures are planet-disk interactions, in which growing planets open gaps in the disk, and particles become trapped at the pressure maxima that form at the corresponding gap edges. Since the particle density in these pressure