Introduction of roughness by ribs in flow passages is a popular method of enhancing heat transfer in the cooling passages, e.g., of turbine blades and combustors. It is essential to accurately predict the enhancement of heat transfer generated by the ribs to ensure good design decisions. In most of the studies square ribs have been considered, but in practice such ribs may appear rounded due to im

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen är en studie av kvinnors brevskrivning i Sverige under 1700-talet. Breven är skrivna av ett antal kvinnor från de högre samhällsskikten (adel och borgerskap) under 1780- och 1790-talen. Flertalet av breven är skrivna på svenska, men några också på franska. Huvudsyftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka relationen mellan idén om att kvinnor skrev annorlunda, This dissertation is a study of women's letter-writing in eighteenth-century Sweden. The letters are written by a number of women from the uppper classes (nobility and bourgeoisie) during the last two decades of the eighteenth century. The majority of the letters are written in Swedish, some however in French. The main aim is to examine the relationship between the idea of women as a special kind

In this thesis the relation between lung surfactant structure and functional properties have been studied. Experimental results show that the alveolar surface is formed by a coherent surface phase with a structure equal to tubular myelin. The properties of this phase may explain certain unresolved issues in lung physiology, e.g., mechanical stability of surfactant during the breathing cycle, the

Popular Abstract in Swedish Porträtt av kungar, krigare, ämbetsmän och andra gestalter från den karolinska epoken (1654-1718) hade kring sekelskiftet 1900 en särställning i svensk kultur. Många konsthistoriker var inspirerade av den nationalromantiska diktar- och konstnärsgenerationen och tolkade de karolinska porträtten som symboler för Sverige och för en historiskt förankrad nationell identitet.The subject of this thesis is portraiture and its context in Sweden during the Caroline era (1654-1718). Mainly, it focuses on portraits of the political élite, including the Royal family, and on the biographies of the artists that depicted those sitters. The dissertation consists of an introductory chapter and three longer case studies. In the introduction, there is a discussion of the early 20th

Spectra of hot (type B) stars obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite in the region 1000-1200

This chapter is devoted to modeling and optimization techniques applicable to communication network design and planning. The main emphasis is put on the models dealing with optimization of the capacity of network resources and traffic routing that lead to tractable optimization problems. It is a common belief that the right means for such modeling are multicommodity flow networks (MFN). MFN form a

This chapter explores the role of the dissident intellectual in the post-dictatorship era. More specifically, it looks at the reaction in the Romanian cultural press and in the daily newspapers to the awarding of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature to Herta Müller, a Romanian-born German writer. Müller is known for her anti-Communist stance as well as her critique of those Romanian political and in

Higher plants and algae use oxygenic photosynthesis to convert solar energy to reducing equivalents and chemical energy. The ultimate electron donor to oxygenic photosynthesis is water. Oxidation of water to oxygen occurs in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in Photosystem II (PSII). The OEC is composed of four Mn atoms, Ca2+ and Cl-. The OEC cycles through five states (S0 - S4) during oxidation o