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The purpose of this thesis is to differentiate between the usage of three very similar Japanese conditionals: nara, nonara, and nodattara. A questionnaire study to find connections between the choice of conditionals depending on the surrounding expressions was conducted to establish potential rules and patterns of usage. The research found that short sentences, negative protases, and conditionall
This paper examines the impact of the ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) on import by studying both the trade creation and trade diversion effect. The standard gravity model is augmented and tested on a sample of 36 countries based on aggregated data from 2000 to 2015. To obtain consistent and efficient estimation results, unobserved multilateral resistance terms will be addres
The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world. The phenomenon of mass incarceration largely confines minorities and people living in poverty. More than 600,000 prisoners are released yearly to face barriers of reentering society. Struggles of finding employment, housing, and being denied social services, due to their criminal record, generate a system where former inmates becom
Det är viktigt för blivande läkare att kunna göra korrekta riskbedömningar utifrån patienters testresultat. Tidigare forskning indikerar att den förmågan kan vara bristfällig, men att den går att förbättra genom ett nytt format att presentera statistik på. Det nya formatet kallas naturliga antal och är potentiellt användbart inom undervisning i medicinsk statistik. Den här studien är den första i The ability to draw diagnostic inferences from medical test results is important for future doctors. Earlier research has indicated that this ability may generally be inadequate. However, it can be improved by presenting statistics in a new format, so called natural frequencies, which is adapted to the way the human mind process probabilities. If the effect of this format is robust and generalizab
Urban environments are rapidly growing worldwide with severe consequences to animals and plants residing in our cities. Some of the most well-studied urban wildlife is passerine birds, where a wide array of effects have been documented; smaller clutches, earlier breeding, shorter telomeres and oxidative stress are just some costs among numerous others. Yet, few studies have so far investigated the
The purpose of this thesis is to explore if the concept of Creating Shared Value would remain valid when considering it at the hand of different national institutional settings around the world and their influence on business conduct. A qualitative approach has been chosen to explore the research question of this thesis. First, we theorized Matten & Moon's (2008) framework regarding expli
Nectar Sources in Sand Dunes – the Pollinators’ Last Stronghold Dunes are a habitat of special importance. They preserve a wide range of flowering plant species that has vanished from most places in our intensively used landscape. This is vital for both the survival of the plant species themselves, but also of many insect pollinator species. Pollinators depend on the presence of nectar and pollen
Bumblebees (B. terrestris) were trained to fly through an experimental setup containing two tunnels which led to a single feeder. A variety of patterns were fitted onto the tunnel walls, each producing a different pattern of optic flow onto the retinae, in order to test for differences in flight behaviour and decision making as a response to the visual cues presented in the tunnels. The results sh
True geese are members of the bird family Anatidae which contain many waterfowl spe-cies with high relevance as natural hosts of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV). The closely re-lated mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the main host of AIV and has a robust immune sys-tem which is also the best understood among the Anatidae. Previous studies have shown that some species of geese are more susceptible to AIV
Owls (Strigiformes) are birds that typically have crepuscular or nocturnal activity patterns. Even though birds are known to have an exceptional visual system, less is known about specific adaptations to vision in dim conditions. Here, by using retinal transcriptome sequencing, the visual gene pathway has been analyzed in four owl species: Long-eared owl (Asio otus), Short-eared owl (Asio flammeus
Barley, Hordeum vulgare, is a commercially important crop plant mostly used as animal feed but also as human food where it serves as an important source of _-glucan and other nutrients. As populations are growing worldwide, early flowering cultivars can play a vital role to increase the production of barley to meet the increasing demand of this crop. We analyzed five early flowering mat-e mutants
Today's corporate market is characterized by tougher competition than ever be- fore. In a changing society, companies must be prepared to change and develop their brands to stay relevant. In order to meet consumer demands and expectations, companies reposition their brand. However, a company can only control the change of the brand's identity and not the brand's image, because the imag
Macrophages are innate immune cells involved in tissue homeostasis and immunity. They are phagocytes and provide the first line of defense to invading pathogens. Tumors are abundantly populated with macrophages and they are also involved in many autoimmune diseases. Since macrophages play a crucial role in homoeostasis and disease they have emerged as key therapeutic target. However, to manipulate
Ett växande antal studier rapporterar ett samband mellan minne och lukter. Den här studien ämnade identifiera effekter av samma och olika lukter vid inlärning och återkallande av minne samt undersöka skillnaden mellan goda och inte goda lukter. En så kallad old / new recognition task användes som minnestest där deltagarna (N = 32) tränade in 20 ord i testets första fas, för att sedan i en andra faA growing number of studies report relations between memory and smell. The present study aimed to identify differential effects of same and different smells on word learning and recognition memory, in addition to investigate the difference between pleasant and unpleasant smells. An old / new recognition task was used as a memory test, whereby participants (N = 32) studied 20 words in the first pha
Monoclonal antibodies represent an attractive approach for treatment of cancer. Phage display is a very powerful technique to display large antibody libraries, which can be used to isolate therapeutic antibodies. Panning of phage display libraries against cells generates complex antibody pools, and direct screening of such pools typically identifies high-frequent antibodies against highly expresse
Our bodies are defended by inborn protective strategies aimed against microorganisms, the so-called innate immune system. In this system, small peptide molecules characterized by positive charge serve as antibiotics. During allergic reactions, as exemplified hay fever and asthma, molecules named eotaxins are released. These attract a group of white blood cells named eosinophils to sites of inflamm
Leukemia involves uncontrolled proliferation of different types of blood cells. Accordingly, it is classified as Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; which includes B cell and T cell – ALL), Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL). Children are more prone to ALL while the other three forms of leukemia are more common in adults. Over the l
Implicit measures have started to gain attention in the attachment literature, as they offer a way to offer insight into information processing patterns, which may not be open to investigation otherwise. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of supraliminal priming on ambiguous stimuli in individuals who reported high levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance, with a speci
Mitochondria are the main organelles in eukaryotic cells involved in energy production together with their role in other mechanisms including intermediate metabolism, calcium signaling and apoptosis. Due to their importance in the correct function of the cell, genetic mitochondrial disorders can present a wide variability of symptoms, such as epilepsy, skeletal and cardiac myopathy and intellectua
Money illusion was for a long time believed by most economists to be non-existent, despite previous large support for it, because it did not fit the neo-classical model of the rational individual. Using a survey to test students’ understanding of inflation as proxy for money illusion, this thesis aims to establish the existence of money illusion and develop an understanding of why some students ex
