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Aims: During recent years, two strategies of incretin-based therapy [glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonism and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition] have entered the market for pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes. A main indication for this therapy is as add-on to on-going metformin therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes who have insufficient glycaemic control with metf

The differentiation between expression and content is fundamental in the concept of signs. Even if the notions of signs are often revised, due partly to the attraction of a semiotic approach from markedly disparate objects of study, a common apprehension of the distinctive character of meanings by sign is its dual nature. (Saussure 1968, Piaget 1951, 1966; Vygotsky 1999; Sigel 1978; DeLoache 2000)

Under det senaste seklet har det svenska samhället utvecklats från att ha varit ett industrisamhälle till att bli ett kunskapssamhälle. Denna utveckling har inneburit att s.k. kunskapsföretag har kommit att få en alltmer central roll i samhället. Kunskapsföretag kännetecknas av att de främst bedriver kunskapsproduktion och inte materiell produktion. Det är de anställdas kunskap som utgör kunskapsfDuring the last century, the Swedish society has developed from being an industrial towards becoming a knowledge-based society. As a consequence, so-called knowledge management-companies have come to occupy a central role in society. Knowledge management-companies ́ primary production is knowledge and not matter. Since the employees possess the knowledge, they are the most valuable resources of th

Varje år går en tredjedel av all mat som produceras för mänsklig konsumtion till spillo världen över. I Sverige står livsmedelskedjan för en betydande del av landets totala klimatpåverkan. Det onödiga matavfallet, även kallat matsvinn, innebär att miljöpåverkan blir större än vad den hade kunnat vara. Matbanker, som tar tillvara på mat som av olika anledningar inte går att sälja och skänker den tiEach year, a third of all the food produced for human consumption is wasted worldwide. In Sweden, the food chain stands for a significant part of the country's total climate impact. Due to the unnecessary food wastage of food that could have been eaten had it been treated differently, the impact is greater than it could have been. Food banks distribute food from the food chain, that for differ

Media som inte utgör public service finansieras genom annonsförsäljning. Det leder till att tidningarna väljer ut sitt innehåll utifrån vad de tror säljer och det finns vissa omständigheter som ökar nyhetsvärdet i en händelse. Av de som står misstänkta för brott utgör kvinnor cirka 20 %. Den låga andelen medför att händelser med kvinnliga misstänkta blir sensationella och oförutsägbara och att hänMedia that isn’t public service finance their business through selling ads. Journalists and editors therefore choose the context of their media depending on what they believe will sell and there are circumstances that increase the newsworthiness of a story. Female suspects make up about 20 % of all the people suspected of crimes. Stories involving female suspects are therefore sensational and unpr

Research suggest that foster children’s school achievements in compulsory school are worse compared with their peers in the same age group. The purpose of my study was to explore and analyze what kind of support and assistance foster children are offered in order to leave the compulsory school with approved grades. Furthermore, the aim was also to explore what kind of sup¬port that the social serv

This master thesis is a subproject of a research project run by Markaryds Metallamatur AB (MMA), the department industrial production at Lunds Technical University, Chalmers Technical University, The University at Halmstad and Oerlikon Balzers Sandvik Coating AB. The research project includes research about material properties, machining and a cost analysis of different brass compositions, primari

Abstract: The 17th century philosopher Spinoza is known for his concept of God as One Substance, God or Nature and therefore considered as a monist and categorized as a naturalist. He has been labeled an atheist and God-intoxicated man, as well as a determinist and pantheist, which I perceive to be dichotomies. The problem, as I see it, is that Spinoza’s philosophy and concept of God has mainly be

En betydande del av alla offentliga upphandlingar leder till upprättande av ramavtal. Ramavtal är avtal som fastställer villkoren för kontrakt som senare ska tilldelas. EU-domstolen har i en dom från 2018 behandlat ett för upphandlingsområdet nytt fenomen. Domen rör takvolymer i ramavtal vilket avser en bestämd gräns för hur mycket som är tillåtet att avropa. Eftersom 2014 års direktiv och sedermA significant part of all public procurements leads to the conclusion of framework agreements. Framework agreements are agreements that define the terms of contracts to be awarded later. In a 2018 judgment, the European Court of Justice dealt with a new phenomenon for the procurement area. The judgment concerns determined volumes in framework agreements, which refer to a specific limit on how muc

This paper aims to investigate the causal relationship between maternal education and preventive behaviour. For this purpose, I consider the education reform implemented in Zimbabwe in 1980 that enabled students at age 15 and below to participate in secondary education. By using this age cutoff as an exogenous exposure to the education policy, I obtain causal estimates of schooling on health outco

This work focuses on the southern part of Sollentuna municipality and the adjacent suburbs of Kista, Husby and Akalla located in the northernmost part of Stockholm municipality, which henceforth will be referred to as “Kista”. The urban core of Sollentuna/Kista is strategically located both close to Stockholm but also along the north going road towards both Arlanda airport and Swedens fourth city

Föreställ dig att du försöker skala ett äpple, men i stället för att använda dig utav en kniv för att skala äpplet använder du dig utav ett mer effektivare verktyg, för att undvika att skala bort fruktköttet. För att skala äpplet så tunt som möjligt skulle du behöva ta bort skalet ett litet lager i taget, gärna så tunt som möjlig, så tunt som till fristående atomlager. Detta liknar vad forskare göAtomic Layer Etching (ALE) is a self-limiting cyclic dry etching process used in nanofabrication that allows for material etching on the atomic scale in a layer-by-layer regime. In practical applications, such as using commercially available reactive ion etching (RIE) tools, the ion energy in the plasma exceeds the sputtering threshold (typically 20 to 40 eV for Si), leading to a Quasi-ALE (Q-ALE)

Naturlig selektion i vilda skalbaggspopulationer Naturlig selektion är en nyckelfaktor för evolutionen. Även om vi vet att mängden variation i egenskaper (fenotyper) ger råmaterial för selektion och om den är genetisk påverkar evolutionens hastighet, har vi fortfarande mycket att lära om hur naturlig selektion påverkar specifika egenskaper över tid. I min examensuppsats undersökte jag hur naturliNatural selection is an important force behind evolution. It is well known that phenotypic variation provides opportunity for evolution, but research into how selection acts on specific traits over time is lacking. In this thesis, I studied how selection acts upon the shape and body size of the beetle Cassida viridis. Across three populations, I measured size (length and area), shape, and lifespan

In this thesis I have presented possible indicators affecting boys’ educational attainments and learning behaviors. In my study I used both quantitative and qualitative methods. First, I studied the relationship between knowledge of relational concepts and later academic achievements. The data consisted of two different types of tests (Boehm Test of Basic Concepts and National Standard Tests). The

En medborgare är gentemot det allmänna skyddad mot frihetsberövande enligt svensk grundlag. Det finns dock undantag från denna grundlagsskyddade rättighet om begränsningen sker genom lag och tillgodoser ändamål som är godtagbara i ett demokratiskt samhälle. Det får aldrig gå utöver vad som är nödvändigt med hänsyn till det ändamål som har föranlett begränsningen. Något som är reglerat i lag och A citizen is against the public protected from detention by the Swedish Constitution. There are exceptions to this fundamental right if the restriction is done by law and meets the purposes that are acceptable in a democratic society. It must never go beyond what is necessary with regard to the purpose which caused the restriction. Something that is regulated by law and is considered acceptable

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Kullstorlek och förmågan att hålla värme Direkt efter kläckning har de flesta fågelungar svårt att hålla en jämn kroppstemperatur (termoreglera) i en kallare omgivning. Förmågan att termoreglera uppkommer eller utvecklas någon gång under ungarnas första tid i livet och snart är de mer eller mindre jämnvarma. Förmågan att hålla en jämn kroppstemperatur tidigt iAbstract Most birds are not capable of maintaining core body temperature when exposed to cold ambient temperatures directly after hatching. As postnatal development continues the thermoregulatory capacity begins to form, and eventually nestlings become homeothermic. Many factors, such as predation, latitude and foraging mode, may influence this development of homeothermy, but to my knowledge no s

The purpose of this essay was to study an activation programme called Work & Integration Centre (Arbets- & Integrationscenter, AIC). Activation programmes are often based on both the help to and the control of the users – which are unemployed recipients of social assistance. By interviewing five employees at the programme I wanted to find out how they balanced between the help that they gi

After having worked with a project regarding custody procedures and detention facilities where the goal was to give recommendations to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Macedonia) on issues which needed to be changed for them to fulfil the European minimum standard, I doubted that there really existed any European minimum standards. Therefore, I studied Swedish, British, French and Europe

In Swedish law boys under the age of 18 can legally be circumcised by a certified doctor or a person with a special permission from the welfare board. This is a measure to prevent ignorant people from performing circumcision on boys in unsterile environment and without painkillers. The law has brought up a debate questioning if circumcision should be legal at all in Sweden. The network SNOP – Säg

With increasing demands on consumer products, attempts have been made to integrate all aspects of the product by the use of Cross-Functional Teams (CFTs) in product development work. However, research has shown that this integration often fails to reach its full potential. Considering the interdisciplinary interaction between industrial designers and engineering designers in CFTs, barriers p